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arXiv:0810.2705 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

A simple scheme for expanding a polarization-entangledWstate by adding one photon

Yan-Xiao Gong, Xu‐Bo Zou, Yun‐Feng Huang, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Jan 21, 2009• 11 citations
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Abstract

We propose a simple scheme for expanding a polarization-entangled W state. By mixing a single photon and one of the photons in an n -photon W state at a polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS), we can obtain an ( n + 1)-photon W state after post-selection. Our scheme also opens the door to generating n -photon W states using single photons and linear optics.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/42/3/035503

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We propose a simple scheme for expanding a polarization-entangled W state. By mixing a single photon and one of the photons in an n -photon W state at a polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS), we can obtain an ( n + 1)-photon W state after post-selection. Our scheme also opens the door to generating n -photon W states using single photons and linear optics.
We present a scheme to produce an entangled four-photon W state by using linear optical elements. The symmetrical setup of linear optical elements consists of four beam splitters, four polarization beam splitters, and four mirrors. A photon Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair and two single photons are required as the input modes. The projection on the W state can be made by a four-photon coincidence measurement. Further, we show that by means of a horizontally oriented polarizer in front of one detector, the W state of three photons can be generated.
Abstract An effective scheme is proposed for preparing large-scale maximally entangled W states by fusing arbitrary-size polarization entangled W or W -like states via polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS). In our scheme, W m + n −1 state can be generated from an n -qubit W state and an m -qubit W state, and W m + n + t −2 state can be generated from W m , W n and W t states. The fusion process can start with Bell states too. Because PDBS has selective transmission rates for different polarization states, our fusion has a distinct property, i.e. a large-scale maximally entangled W state can be generated by fusing small-size W -like states, and the cost analyses indicate that our fusion scheme is more efficient than the previous one in fusing W -like states. In addition, there is no need for any controlled quantum gate and any ancillary photon in our scheme, so it is simple and feasible.
Multiphoton entanglement is an important resource for linear optics quantum computing. Here we show that a wide range of highly entangled multiphoton states, including WWW-states, can be prepared by interfering single photons inside a Bell multiport beam splitter and using postselection. A successful state preparation is indicated by the collection of one photon per output port. An advantage of the Bell multiport beam splitter is that it redirects the photons without changing their inner degrees of freedom. The described setup can therefore be used to generate polarization, time-bin, and frequency multiphoton entanglement, even when using only a single photon source.