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arXiv:0810.1949

Molecular regimes in ultracold Fermi gases

Dmitry S. Petrov, Ch Salomon, Georgy V. Shlyapnikov

Published Oct 10, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

The use of Feshbach resonances for tuning the interparticle interaction in ultracold Fermi gases has led to remarkable developments, in particular to the creation and Bose-Einstein condensation of weakly bound diatomic molecules of fermionic atoms. These are the largest diatomic molecules obtained so far, with a size of the order of thousands of angstroms. They represent novel composite bosons, which exhibit features of Fermi statistics at short intermolecular distances. Being highly excited, these molecules are remarkably stable with respect to collisional relaxation, which is a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle for identical fermionic atoms. The purpose of this review is to introduce theoretical approaches and describe the physics of molecular regimes in two-component Fermi gases and Fermi-Fermi mixtures, focusing attention on quantum statistical effects.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0810.1949

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The use of Feshbach resonances for tuning the interparticle interaction in ultracold Fermi gases has led to remarkable developments, in particular to the creation and Bose-Einstein condensation of weakly bound diatomic molecules of fermionic atoms. These are the largest diatomic molecules obtained so far, with a size of the order of thousands of angstroms. They represent novel composite bosons, which exhibit features of Fermi statistics at short intermolecular distances. Being highly excited, these molecules are remarkably stable with respect to collisional relaxation, which is a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle for identical fermionic atoms. The purpose of this review is to introduce theoretical approaches and describe the physics of molecular regimes in two-component Fermi gases and Fermi-Fermi mixtures, focusing attention on quantum statistical effects.
The use of Feshbach resonances for tuning the interparticle interaction in ultracold Fermi gases has led to remarkable developments, in particular to the creation and Bose-Einstein condensation of weakly bound diatomic molecules of fermionic atoms.These are the largest diatomic molecules obtained so far, with a size of the order of thousands of angstroms.They represent novel composite bosons, which exhibit features of Fermi statistics at short intermolecular distances.Being highly excited, these molecules are remarkably stable with respect to collisional relaxation, which is a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle for identical fermionic atoms.The purpose of this review is to introduce theoretical approaches and describe the physics of molecular regimes in two-component Fermi gases and Fermi-Fermi mixtures, focusing attention on quantum statistical effects.
We give a brief overview of recent studies of weakly bound homonuclear molecules in ultracold two-component Fermi gases. It is emphasized that they represent novel composite bosons, which exhibit features of Fermi statistics at short intermolecular distances. In particular, the Pauli exclusion principle for identical fermionic atoms provides a strong suppression of collisional relaxation of such molecules into deep bound states. We then analyse heteronuclear molecules which are expected to be formed in mixtures of different fermionic atoms. We show how an increase in the mass ratio for the constituent atoms changes the physics of collisional stability of such molecules compared to homonuclear ones. We discuss Bose–Einstein condensation of these composite bosons and consider prospects for future studies.
We show that an ansatz based on independent composite bosons [Phys. Rep. 463, 215 (2008)] accurately describes the condensate fraction of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates in ultracold Fermi gases. The entanglement between the fermionic constituents of a single Feshbach molecule then governs the many-particle statistics of the condensate, from the limit of strong interaction to close to unitarity. This result strengthens the role of entanglement as the indispensable driver of composite-boson behavior. The condensate fraction of fermion pairs at zero temperature that we compute matches excellently previous results obtained by means of fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo methods and the Bogoliubov depletion approximation. This paves the way towards the exploration of the BEC-BCS crossover physics in mixtures of cold Fermi gases with an arbitrary number of fermion pairs as well as the implementation of Hong-Ou-Mandel--like interference experiments proposed within coboson theory.
Using a Feshbach resonance, we create ultracold fermionic molecules starting from a Bose-Fermi atom gas mixture. The resulting mixture of atoms and weakly bound molecules provides a rich system for studying few-body collisions because of the variety of atomic collision partners for molecules; either bosonic, fermionic, or distinguishable atoms. Inelastic loss of the molecules near the Feshbach resonance is dramatically affected by the quantum statistics of the colliding particles and the scattering length. In particular, we observe a molecule lifetime as long as 100 ms near the Feshbach resonance.