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arXiv:0809.4063 · Physical Review A

Quantum supercavity with atomic mirrors

Lan Zhou, Hongxing Dong, Yu-xi Liu, C. P. Sun, Franco Nori

Published Dec 16, 2008• 173 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study single-photon transport in an array of coupled microcavities where two two-level atomic systems are embedded in two separate cavities of the array. We find that a single photon can be totally reflected by a single two-level system. However, two separate two-level systems can also create, between them, single-photon quasibound states. Therefore, a single two-level system in the cavity array can act as a mirror while a different type of cavity can be formed by using two two-level systems, acting as tunable ``mirrors,'' inside two separate cavities in the array. In analogy with superlattices in solid state physics, we call this ``cavity inside a coupled-cavity array'' a supercavity. This supercavity is the quantum analog of Fabry-Perot interferometers. Moreover, we show that the physical properties of this quantum supercavity can be adjusted by changing the frequencies of these two-level systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.063827

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We study single-photon transport in an array of coupled microcavities where two two-level atomic systems are embedded in two separate cavities of the array. We find that a single photon can be totally reflected by a single two-level system. However, two separate two-level systems can also create, between them, single-photon quasibound states. Therefore, a single two-level system in the cavity array can act as a mirror while a different type of cavity can be formed by using two two-level systems, acting as tunable mirrors,'' inside two separate cavities in the array. In analogy with superlattices in solid state physics, we call this cavity inside a coupled-cavity array'' a supercavity. This supercavity is the quantum analog of Fabry-Perot interferometers. Moreover, we show that the physical properties of this quantum supercavity can be adjusted by changing the frequencies of these two-level systems.
We theoretically study how to control transport, bound states, and resonant states of a single photon in a one-dimensional coupled-cavity array. We find that the transport of a single photon in the cavity array can be controlled by tuning the frequency of either one or two cavities. If one of the cavities in the array has a tunable frequency, and its frequency is tuned to be larger (or smaller) than those of other cavities, then there is a photon bound state above (or below) the energy band of the coupled-cavity array. However, if two cavities in the array have tunable frequencies, then there exist both bound states and resonant states. If the frequencies of the two cavities are chosen to be much larger than those of other cavities, and the hopping couplings between any two nearest-neighbor cavities are weak, then a single photon with a resonant wave vector can be trapped in the region between the two frequency-tunable cavities. In this case, a quantum supercavity can be formed by these two frequency-tunable cavities. We also study how to apply this photon transport control to an array of coupled superconducting transmission line resonators.
Abstract Control of light–matter coupling at the quantum level is an enabling technique for many emerging quantum technologies. This tutorial describes recent advances in achieving efficient coupling of light with a single molecule using an optical Fabry–Perot microcavity. We demonstrate that the efficient cavity-molecule coupling converts the molecule to an effective two-level system. In this regime, a single molecule can act as a nearly perfect reflecting mirror and exhibits optical nonlinearity at the ultimate level of single photons.
We present a microscopic model of cavity quantum electrodynamics based on a one-dimensional (1D) coupled cavity array (CCA), where a supercavity (SC) is composed by a segment of the 1D CCA with relatively smaller couplings with the outsides. The single-photon scattering problem for the SC empty or with a two level atom in it is investigated. We obtain the exact theoretical result on the transmission rate for our system, which predicts that the transmission peaks shall appear near the eigenenergies of the SC. Our numerical results further prove that the SC is a well-defined multimode cavity. When a two level atom resonant with the SC locates at the antinode of the resonant mode, the transmission spectrum shows a clear sign of vacuum Rabi splitting as expected. However, when the atom locates at the node of the resonant mode, we observe a deep valley in the transmission peak, which can be explained by the destructive interference of two transmission channels: one is the resonant mode, while the other is arising from the atom coupling with the nonresonance modes. The effect of nonresonance modes on vacuum Rabi splitting is also analyzed.
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We study single-photon transport properties in an array of coupled microcavities, coupled to a whispering-gallery-type resonator interacting with a two-level atom. The transmission and reflection coefficients for the single photon propagating in such a coupled system are deduced. We show that the coherent transport properties of the single photon can be well controlled by the intermode backscattering, the resonator–atom coupling and the detuning between the whispering-gallery resonator and the atom. In addition, the influence of the dissipation of the whispering-gallery resonator and the two-level atoms for the realistic physical system on the transport properties are also analysed.