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arXiv:0809.3198 · Physical Review A

Instability and control of a periodically driven Bose-Einstein condensate

C. E. Creffield

Published Jun 5, 2009• 41 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate held in an optical lattice under the influence of a strong periodic driving potential. Studying the mean-field version of the Bose-Hubbard model reveals that the condensate becomes dynamically unstable when the effective intersite tunneling becomes negative. We further show how controlling the sign of the tunneling can be used to manage the dispersion of an atomic wave packet.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.063612

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We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate held in an optical lattice under the influence of a strong periodic driving potential. Studying the mean-field version of the Bose-Hubbard model reveals that the condensate becomes dynamically unstable when the effective intersite tunneling becomes negative. We further show how controlling the sign of the tunneling can be used to manage the dispersion of an atomic wave packet.
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We experimentally study the dynamics of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates of cesium atoms in a 1D optical lattice with a periodic driving force. After a sudden start of the driving we observe the formation of stable wave packets at the center of the first Brillouin zone (BZ) in momentum space, and we interpret these as Floquet solitons in periodically driven systems. The wave packets become unstable when we add a trapping potential along the lattice direction leading to a redistribution of atoms within the BZ. The concept of a negative effective mass and the resulting changes to the interaction strength and effective trapping potential are used to explain the stability and the time evolution of the wave packets. We expect that similar states of matter waves exist for discrete breathers and other types of lattice solitons in periodically driven systems.
We experimentally study the dynamics of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates of cesium atoms in a 1D optical lattice with a periodic driving force. After a sudden start of the driving, we observe the formation of stable wave packets at the center of the first Brillouin zone (BZ) in momentum space, and we interpret these as Floquet solitons in periodically driven systems. The wave packets become unstable when we add a trapping potential along the lattice direction, leading to a redistribution of atoms within the BZ. The concept of a negative effective mass and the resulting changes to the interaction strength and effective trapping potential are used to explain the stability and the time evolution of the wave packets. We expect that similar states of matter waves exist for discrete breathers and other types of lattice solitons in periodically driven systems.
We report on measurements of dynamical suppression of interwell tunneling of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a strongly driven optical lattice. The strong driving is a sinusoidal shaking of the lattice corresponding to a time-varying linear potential, and the tunneling is measured by letting the BEC freely expand in the lattice. The measured tunneling rate is reduced and, for certain values of the shaking parameter, completely suppressed. Our results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we have verified that, in general, the strong shaking does not destroy the phase coherence of the BEC, opening up the possibility of realizing quantum phase transitions by using the shaking strength as the control parameter.
We experimentally study the dynamics of a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms in a 1D optical lattice with a periodic driving force. The time evolution is analysed after a quench of the driving strength which leads to an inversion of the dispersion relation in the lattice band and to a redistribution of atoms in the 1st Brillouin zone (BZ). We use the concept of a negative effective mass and the resulting changes to the effective trapping potential and interaction strength to explain the time evolution of wave packets with weak repulsive interaction. In addition, the formation of stable wave packets with a negative effective mass is observed at the center of the BZ, and we interpret these as gap solitons in a periodically driven system.