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arXiv:0809.1064 · Nature

Reconstruction of non-classical cavity field states with snapshots of their decoherence

S. Deléglise, I. Dotsenko, C. Sayrin, J. Bernu, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche

Published Sep 1, 2008• 611 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nature07288

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We perform quantum non-demolition (QND) photon counting on a microwave field trapped in a very high Q superconducting cavity, employing circular Rydberg atoms as non-absorbing light probes. Beyond realizing fundamental tests of quantum measurement theory, we use this QND method to prepare non-classical Fock and Schrodinger cat states of the field and to reconstruct their Wigner functions. Monitoring the evolution of these functions provides a direct observation of the decoherence process. Quantum feedback procedures will enable us to steer the field towards target states and to protect them against decoherence.
This article develops an expanded critical–propositional analysis of Samuel Deléglise, Igor Dotsenko, Clément Sayrin, Julien Bernu, Michel Brune, Jean-Michel Raimond, and Serge Haroche’s 2008 experiment, “Reconstruction of Non-Classical Cavity Field States with Snapshots of Their Decoherence”, published in Nature, in systematic dialogue with the Theory of Objectivity (TO) developed by Vidamor Cabannas and Denivaldo Silva. Deléglise et al. reconstructed coherent states, Fock states, and mesoscopic Schrödinger-cat states of a microwave field stored in a high-quality superconducting cavity and followed, through successive tomographic reconstructions, the progressive disappearance of quantum-interference structures under environmental decoherence (Deléglise et al. 2008). Their experiment is especially relevant to TO because it permits unusually direct empirical engagement with five categories central to the theory: physical fields, boundaries, relational observation, transformation, and information. The analysis adopts a strict four-level epistemological distinction: (1) empirical confirmation of a physical phenomenon; (2) structural compatibility between that phenomenon and categories of TO; (3) empirical corroboration of an operational consequence specifically derived from TO; and (4) the modal status attributed by TO to its Seven Absolute Truths. This distinction prevents an experimental result compatible with TO from being incorrectly described as a proof of its modal axioms. The experiment is found to be particularly relevant to VA4, concerning boundaries and interfaces; VA5, concerning relational or triangular observation; VA6, concerning composition and antecedence; and VA7, concerning information as a transcendent element produced in atomic relations. At the same time, the article identifies a significant theoretical tension regarding VA7: the dispersive atom–field interaction used by Deléglise et al. allows physical information to be encoded in an atomic phase shift without requiring ordinary resonant emission of atomic radiation. Thus, if TO intends a strict identity between information and emitted atomic radiation, the experiment constitutes a conceptual challenge; if, instead, “radiation” is understood more broadly as physically encoded relational modification, compatibility becomes substantially stronger. The analysis further proposes quantitative bridges between TO and cavity quan- tum electrodynamics. These include a possible TO-defined information functional, a coherence-related representation of Reductive Inductive Effects, boundary-dependent persistence observables, and discriminating corrections to conventional decoherence times. The article also situates Deléglise et al. within the wider dialogue involving Heisenberg, Bohm, Zurek, Prigogine and Stengers, Landauer-type information thermo- dynamics, Bell experiments, quantum feedback, Planck cosmology, gravitational-wave observations, and JWST studies. It concludes that the 2008 experiment offers moderateto-strong indirect structural corroboration of selected TO categories but does not constitute exclusive empirical confirmation of the Theory of Objectivity. Its principal value for TO lies in providing a mature experimental platform on which TO-specific operational predictions could be formulated and subjected to genuine empirical risk. Keywords: Theory of Objectivity; decoherence; cavity quantum electrodynamics; quantum information; Schrödinger-cat states; Wigner function; quantum non-demolition measurement; modal necessity; physical information; Inductive Effects; quantum– classical transition.
The photon number parity is a binary observable playing an important role in the description of the non-classical features of light. In microwave experiments, this observable can be measured by using a single Rydberg atom evolving in a two dimension space and interacting dispersively with a field stored in one or two cavities. The procedure, based on atomic interferometry, maps the field parity (+ 1 or − 1) onto the states of the two-level atom. By performing repeated measurements of the field parity, it is possible to observe field quantum jumps, to reconstruct the complete Wigner function of an arbitrary field and to study how it evolves due to decoherence.