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arXiv:0808.0903 · Physical Review A

Nonlocal modulation of entangled photons

Stephen E. Harris

Published Aug 28, 2008• 52 citations
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Abstract

We consider ramifications of the use of high-speed light modulators to questions of correlation and measurement of time-energy entangled photons. Using phase modulators, we find that temporal modulation of one photon of an entangled pair, as measured by correlation in the frequency domain, may be negated or enhanced by modulation of the second photon. Using amplitude modulators, we describe a Fourier technique for measurement of biphoton wave functions with slow detectors.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.021807

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We consider ramifications of the use of high-speed light modulators to questions of correlation and measurement of time-energy entangled photons. Using phase modulators, we find that temporal modulation of one photon of an entangled pair, as measured by correlation in the frequency domain, may be negated or enhanced by modulation of the second photon. Using amplitude modulators, we describe a Fourier technique for measurement of biphoton wave functions with slow detectors.
Time-frequency entangled photons ("biphotons") exhibit joint spectral and temporal correlations that are unattainable with classical light. Besides being deployed for tests of quantum nonlocality, these photonic states are desirable for a unique range of applications that can significantly impact communications and computation. In this dissertation, we describe novel schemes based on spectral and temporal domain processing for manipulating and characterizing broadband biphotons. Implementing frequency-dependent filters, first, we present and demonstrate a technique for controlling the relative delay between a pair of entangled photons, relying on pump frequency tuning and the quantum concept of nonlocal dispersion cancellation. Next, we demonstrate near-field frequency-to-time mapping, a technique adopted from classical photonics, for arbitrary control of biphoton temporal correlations. Subsequently, we generate temporal correlation trains by creating biphoton frequency combs through programmable spectral amplitude shaping and demonstrate the temporal Talbot effect with entangled photons for the first time. Moreover, in the absence of fast single-photon detectors, we show how electro-optic phase modulation (originally a time-dependent operation) can be used to examine the coherence of biphoton frequency combs. Lastly, we introduce a scheme based on electro-optic intensity modulation, another time-domain operation, for improving the resolution in biphoton temporal correlation measurements. Overall, our body of work could provide additional insight into the manipulation and characterization of biphoton states, as well as contribute towards the improvement of quantum technologies.
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We demonstrate spectral amplitude and phase modulation of time-energy entangled photon pairs by means of a spatial light modulator (SLM) [1]. Coincidences are detected by sum frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal which has been applied in several experiments as an ultrafast coincidence detection method to temporally resolve entangled photons on a timescale of fs [2,3]. By taking into account the properties of the detection crystal, we derive an expression for the up-converted frequency signal in the form of a second-order correlation function G(1)[3]. This detection scheme is in contrast to a perfect coincidence detection described by the fourth-order correlation function G(2). However, in former two photon shaping experiments [1,2] the detected signal was compared to simulations based on G(2). We investigate here under which conditions the G(2)ceases to provide an accurate description of the measurements.