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arXiv:0807.4251 · Physical Review A

Quantum control of dispersion in electromagnetically induced transparency via interacting dressed ground states

James Owen Weatherall, Christopher P. Search

Published Nov 3, 2008• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We offer a general treatment of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a five level system consisting of four metastable ground states. Two additional rf-microwave fields coherently couple the two ground states of the standard EIT $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atom to a pair of additional hyperfine states in the ground state manifold, generating two sets of dressed states that interact via the probe and control lasers, which couple to the electronic excited state. These new hyperfine dressed states manifest themselves in the linear optical susceptibility of the probe as new resonances in addition to the Autler-Townes doublet characteristic of EIT. In particular, we show that the existence of two new narrow resonances, whose width are limited only by ground state decoherence, appear inside the normal EIT transparency window. We show that by controlling the intensity of these rf-microwave fields, one can engineer both the position and width of these narrow resonances and thereby exercise additional control over both the dispersion and group velocity of the probe.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.053802

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 29, 2007•0 citations
We offer a general treatment of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a five level system consisting of four metastable ground states. Two additional rf-microwave fields coherently couple the two ground states of the standard EIT \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ atom to a pair of additional hyperfine states in the ground state manifold, generating two sets of dressed states that interact via the probe and control lasers, which couple to the electronic excited state. These new hyperfine dressed states manifest themselves in the linear optical susceptibility of the probe as new resonances in addition to the Autler-Townes doublet characteristic of EIT. In particular, we show that the existence of two new narrow resonances, whose width are limited only by ground state decoherence, appear inside the normal EIT transparency window. We show that by controlling the intensity of these rf-microwave fields, one can engineer both the position and width of these narrow resonances and thereby exercise additional control over both the dispersion and group velocity of the probe.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an important tool for controlling light propagation and nonlinear wave mixing in atomic gases with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to table top tests of general relativity. Here we consider EIT in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a double-well potential. A weak probe laser propagates through one of the wells and interacts with atoms in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration. The well through which the probe propagates is dressed by a strong control laser with Rabi frequency ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, as in standard EIT systems. Tunneling between the wells at the frequency ggg provides a coherent coupling between identical electronic states in the two wells, which leads to the formation of interwell dressed states. The macroscopic interwell coherence of the BEC wave function results in the formation of two ultranarrow absorption resonances for the probe field that are inside of the ordinary EIT transparency window. We show that these new resonances can be interpreted in terms of the interwell dressed states and the formation of a type of dark state involving the control laser and the interwell tunneling. To either side of these ultranarrow resonances there is normal dispersion with very large slope controlled by ggg. We discuss prospects for observing these ultranarrow resonances and the corresponding regions of high dispersion experimentally.
We present a method to control the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level system with a coupling field, a weak probe field and two microwave driven fields. By sloving the density matrix equations, the numerious result is obtained. It is shown that the EIT resonance can be split into doublets and the spectral position of EIT window is determined by the relative phase between two microwave fields for fixed intensity of the microwave field. Therefore, the microwave field can be used to open more than one EIT window and by controlling their phase difference we can perform EIT frequency tuning. The structure in the spectrum can be explained using the dressed-state formalism.
Transparent media exhibiting anomalous dispersion have been of considerable interest since Wang, Kuzmich, and Dogariu [Nature 406, 277 (2000)] first observed light propagate with superluminal and negative group velocities without absorption. Here, we propose an atomic model exhibiting these properties, based on a generalization of amplification without inversion in a five-level dressed interacting ground-state system. The system consists of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atom prepared as in standard electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), with two additional metastable ground states coupled to the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atom ground states by two rf-microwave fields. We consider two configurations by which population is incoherently pumped into the ground states of the atom. Under appropriate circumstances, we predict a pair of new gain lines with tunable width, separation, and height. Between these lines, absorption vanishes but dispersion is large and anomalous. The system described here is a significant improvement over other proposals in the anomalous dispersion literature in that it permits additional coherent control over the spectral properties of the anomalous region, including a possible 104{10}^{4}104-fold increase over the group delay observed by Wang, Kuzmich, and Dogariu.
We report an experimental observation of Autler-Townes doublet splitting in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance. The splitting is introduced by a coherent microwave field, which perturbs a three-level A-type EIT system through an auxiliary level. The doublet splitting of EIT resonance is demonstrated in two cases, where the microwave field shares a common lower level with coupled or probe transition, respectively. The dependence of doublet splitting on microwave field intensity and detuning is measured. This may provide a feasible way of manipulating the atomic states with both laser and microwave field.
The Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is associated with a Λ three-level system and the spectral position of EIT window can be changed by varying the frequency of the coupling field, however, at large detuning the EIT will evolve into a dispersion-like feature and transparency property of EIT become less obvious. In this paper, it is shown that we can perform EIT frequency tuning by a radio-frequency (rf) field. In the cascade quasic-Λ four-level system, the absorption profile of probe field is calculated by solving the equations of motion of the density matrix. It is shown that the Autler-Townes doublet originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and the spectral position of EIT window is determined by the frequency detuning of the coupling field. When the frequency detuning of the coupling field is half of the rf Rabi frequency, the EIT feature remain its absorptive profile. The frequency tuning rang of EIT is determined by the rf Rabi frequency, and can be explained using a dressed-state analysis. Therefore, frequency tuning range of EIT can be controlled by the rf Rabi frequency.