Cellular automata can show well known features of quantum mechanics, such as a linear rule according to which they evolve and which resembles a discretized version of the Schrödinger equation. This includes corresponding conservation laws. The class of "natural" Hamiltonian cellular automata is based exclusively on integer-valued variables and couplings and their dynamics derives from an Action Principle. They can be mapped reversibly to continuum models by applying Sampling Theory. Thus, "deformed" quantum mechanical models with a finite discreteness scale l are obtained, which for l → 0 reproduce familiar continuum results. We have recently demonstrated that such automata can form "multipartite" systems consistently with the tensor product structures of nonrelativistic many-body quantum mechanics, while interacting and maintaining the linear evolution. Consequently, the Superposition Principle fully applies for such primitive discrete deterministic automata and their composites and can produce the essential quantum effects of interference and entanglement.
For the largest class of physical systems having a classical analog, a new rigorous, but not probabilistic, Lagrangian version of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is given, in terms of a notion of regularized action function. As a consequence of the study of the symmetries of this action, an associated Nœther theorem is obtained. All the quantum symmetries resulting from the canonical quantization procedure follow in this way, as well as a number of symmetries which are new even for the case of the simplest systems. The method is based on the study of a corresponding Lie algebra and an analytical continuation in the time parameter of the probabilistic construction given in paper I of this work. Generically, the associated quantum first integrals are time dependent and the probabilistic model provides a natural interpretation of the new symmetries. Various examples illustrate the physical relevance of our results.