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arXiv:0807.1793

On Entanglement and Separability

Dhananjay P. Mehendale

Published Jul 11, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present a necessary and sufficient condition to determine the entanglement status of an arbitrary N-qubit quantum state (may be pure or mixed) represented by the density matrix, (Rho)N. We develop a new approach and a new criterion for the problem of deciding entanglement status. Further, we develop as an important application of entanglement a new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information in terms of a desired ordered sequence of classical bits. We then show that this new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information can be used in the quantum teleportation protocol [12] for achieving superluminal quantum teleportation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0807.1793

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We present a necessary and sufficient condition to determine the entanglement status of an arbitrary N-qubit quantum state (may be pure or mixed) represented by the density matrix, (Rho)N. We develop a new approach and a new criterion for the problem of deciding entanglement status. Further, we develop as an important application of entanglement a new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information in terms of a desired ordered sequence of classical bits. We then show that this new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information can be used in the quantum teleportation protocol [12] for achieving superluminal quantum teleportation.
The “separability problem” in quantum information theory is a quite important and well-known hard problem. The low-dimensional system satisfies the PPT criterion. However, the high-dimensional system problem has been shown to be NP-hard problem. In general, it is very difficult to find the analytic solution of the density matrix for the high-dimensional system. Therefore, getting an analytic solution for two-qubit system is an interesting and useful problem. We propose a novel criterion for separability and entanglement-verification of two-qubit system. We expressed the density matrix by a sum of a principal density matrix and six separable density matrices. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the two-qubit system include that if the four involved coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the principal density matrix [Formula: see text] are separable, then the two-qubit system is separable, otherwise the two-qubit system is entangled. Finally, our criterion results in a totally different conclusion compared to Horodecki’s criterion. We believe that the new criterion is more stringent than existing PPT methods.
Abstract The determination of quantum state separability is the basic problem of quantum entanglement theory. By judging the rank of the matrix vector group formed by the density matrix block, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the separation of quantum pure States are given, and the necessary conditions for the separation of quantum mixed States are given, too. In the composite system 2 × 2, the rank of the vector group corresponding to the divisible pure state is 1, and the rank corresponding to the entangled state is 4.
What is proposed here is a simple modication in the quantum protocol [1] for achieving instantaneous teleportation of arbitrary quantum state from Alice to Bob even when Bob is several light years away. This modied quantum protocol is constructed by adding a step the in the celebrated quantum teleportation protocol [1]. It consists of the action of a unitary operator to be performed by Alice on the qubits in her possession before she does the Bell basis measurement. It is important to note that the existing quantum teleportation protocol [1] requires certain classical communication between the participants, Alice and Bob, and we are going to eliminate this classical communication through our modification. In the existing protocol [1] Alice requires sending the classical bits generated during her Bell basis measurement over a classical channel to Bob for Bob to use these classical bits to determine the exact recovery operation to be performed on the qubit(s) in his possession for creating the exactly identical copy of unknown quantum state that was with Alice and got destroyed during her Bell basis measurement. Alice cannot send the classical bits she obtained to Bob with the speed faster than that of light since it is the well known experimentally veried universal upper limit on the speed. We show that by incorporating suitable unitary operation to be performed by Alice on her qubits before the Bell basis measurement the requirement of the transmission of classical bits by Alice to Bob for the creation of the unknown quantum state by Bob at his place can be completely eliminated. Our modification in the teleportation protocols [1], [2] thus clearly demonstrates the enormous advantage of remaining in the quantum regime and avoiding the requirement of any classical communication for the teleportation of the quantum states.
In quantum systems, entanglement corresponds to nonclassical correlation of nonlocal observables. Thus, entanglement (or, to the contrary, separability) of a given quantum state is not uniquely determined by properties of the state, but may depend on the choice of the factorization of the algebra of observables. In the present work, we expose and systematize some recently reported results about the possibility to represent a single quantum state as either entangled or separable. We will distinguish in particular the cases of pure and mixed states. For pure states, it has been shown that observables can always be constructed such that any state has any amount of entanglement possible. For mixed states, the situation is more complex and only partial results are known: while it is always possible to choose a factorization such that a state appears separable, a general criterion to determine whether a state can be represented as entangled is not known. These results will be illustrated by several examples, the phenomenon of quantum teleportation, and the geometry of the states of two qubits.
Generally,to decide a given quantum state to be entangled or not,or to be useful for quantum information processing purposes is a difficult question.In this note,the separability of quantum states in bipartite quantum systems is investigated.According to the analysis of the expanded form of density matrix in the separable quantum state and the relationship of expansion coefficient,a new separability criterion of bipartite quantum states is obtained: if a quantum state in a bipartite quantum system of arbitrary dimension is separable,the expansion coefficient satisfies certain inequality.This method requires only the dimensions of systems and the expansion coefficient of density matrix which can be easily got,and the computation is easy,so it has its application value.