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arXiv:0807.0736

Critical currents and non-dissipative drag in quantum Hall multilayers

L. Yu. Kravchenko, D. V. Fil

Published Jul 4, 2008• 1 citation
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Abstract

Superfluid properties of electron-hole pairs in a quantum Hall four-layer system are investigated. The system is considered as a solid state realization of a two-component superfluid Bose gas with dipole-dipole interaction. One superfluid component is formed in the top bilayer and the other component - in the bottom one. We obtain the dispersion equation for the collective mode spectrum and compute the critical parameters (the critical interlayer distance and the critical currents) versus the filling factor. We find that the critical currents of the components depend on each other. The maximum critical current of a given component can be reached if the current of the other component is equal to zero. The non-dissipative drag effect between the components is studied. It is shown that in the system considered the drag factor is very large. Under appropriate conditions it can be about 10 per sent, that is at least in three order larder than one predicted for two-component atomic Bose gases.

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Superfluid properties of electron-hole pairs in a quantum Hall four-layer system are investigated. The system is considered as a solid state realization of a two-component superfluid Bose gas with dipole-dipole interaction. One superfluid component is formed in the top bilayer and the other component - in the bottom one. We obtain the dispersion equation for the collective mode spectrum and compute the critical parameters (the critical interlayer distance and the critical currents) versus the filling factor. We find that the critical currents of the components depend on each other. The maximum critical current of a given component can be reached if the current of the other component is equal to zero. The non-dissipative drag effect between the components is studied. It is shown that in the system considered the drag factor is very large. Under appropriate conditions it can be about 10 per sent, that is at least in three order larder than one predicted for two-component atomic Bose gases.
A microscopic theory of a nondissipative drag in a two-component superfluid Bose gas is developed. The expression for the drag current in the system with the components of different atomic masses, densities, and scattering lengths is derived. It is shown that the drag current is proportional to the square root of the gas parameter. The temperature dependence of the drag current is studied and it is shown that at temperature of order or smaller than the interaction energy the temperature reduction of the drag current is rather small. A possible way of measuring the drag factor is proposed. A toroidal system with the drag component confined in two half-ring wells separated by two Josephson barriers is considered. Under certain condition such a system can be treated as a Bose-Einstein counterpart of the Josephson charge qubit in an external magnetic field. It is shown that the measurement of the difference of number of atoms in two wells under a controlled evolution of the state of the qubit allows one to determine the drag factor.
An effect of nondissipative drag of a superfluid flow in a system of two Bose gases confined in two parallel quasi-two-dimensional traps is studied. Using an approach based on the introduction of density and phase operators, we compute the drag current at zero and finite temperatures for arbitrary ratio of particle densities in the adjacent layers. We demonstrate that in a system of two ring-shaped traps the “drag force” influences the drag trap in the same way as an external magnetic flux influences a superconducting ring. This allows one to use the drag effect to control persistent current states in superfluids and opens up the possibility of implementing a Bose analog of the superconducting Josephson flux qubit.
The Coulomb-drag effect, which has previously been considered theoretically and experimentally for a system of two electron gas layers, is studied for a system of two charged-Bose-gas (CBG) layers within an analytically solvable model. We consider a bilayer CBG in the presence of counterflow which, in superfluid mixtures and in spatially separated superconductors, leads to a drag effect. We investigate the effects of counterflow on the collective excitations, interaction energy, screened interactions, induced charge densities, and plasmon density of states in the bilayer CBG. These quantities, many of which have not been considered in connection with Coulomb drag in a bilayer electron gas, show how the many-body properties are affected, and thus provide additional insights into the drag effect. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
In this Thesis, we show that in a rotating two-component Bose mixture, the spin drag between the two different spin species shows a Hall effect. This spin drag Hall effect can be observed experimentally by studying the out-of-phase dipole mode of the mixture. We determine the damping of this mode due to spin drag as a function of temperature. We find that due to Bose stimulation there is a strong enhancement of the damping for temperatures close to the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. We also show the difference between spin drag in Bose gases, Fermi gases and Bose-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we investigate coupled spin and heat transport in Bose gases, and calculate the associated coefficients. Finally, we calculate the power spectrum resulting from spin current fluctuations in a Bose gas.
We consider two-dimensional spin-polarized dipolar Fermi gases confined in a double-layer system and calculate the momentum transfer between the layers as a function of temperature to investigate the transport properties of the system. We use the Hubbard approximation to describe the correlation effects and the screening between the dipoles within a single layer. The effective interlayer interaction between the dipoles across the layers is obtained by the random-phase approximation. We calculate the interaction strength and the layer separation distance dependence of the drag rate, and we show that there is a critical distance below which the system is unstable. In addition, we calculate the typical behavior of the collective modes related to the density fluctuations.
Part of Focus on Bose Condensation Phenomena in Atomic and Solid State Physics We consider spin transport in a two-component atomic Bose gas in three dimensions, at temperatures just above the critical temperature for Bose–Einstein condensation. In these systems, the spin conductivity is determined by spin drag, i.e. frictional drag between the two spin components due to interactions. We find that in the critical region, the temperature dependence of the spin conductivity deviates qualitatively from the Boltzmann result and is fully determined by the critical exponents of the phase transition. We discuss the size of the critical region where these results may be observed experimentally.