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arXiv:0806.4517 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Quantum chaotic system as a model of decohering environment

Jayendra N. Bandyopadhyay

Published Mar 1, 2009• 14 citations
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Abstract

As a model of decohering environment, we show that a quantum chaotic system behaves equivalently as a many-body system. An approximate formula for the time evolution of the reduced density matrix of a system interacting with a quantum chaotic environment is derived. This theoretical formulation is substantiated by the numerical study of the decoherence of two qubits interacting with a quantum chaotic environment modeled by a chaotic kicked top. Like the many-body model of environment, the quantum chaotic system is an efficient decoherer, and it can generate entanglement between the two qubits which have no direct interaction.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/85/50006

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As a model of decohering environment, we show that a quantum chaotic system behaves equivalently as a many-body system. An approximate formula for the time evolution of the reduced density matrix of a system interacting with a quantum chaotic environment is derived. This theoretical formulation is substantiated by the numerical study of the decoherence of two qubits interacting with a quantum chaotic environment modeled by a chaotic kicked top. Like the many-body model of environment, the quantum chaotic system is an efficient decoherer, and it can generate entanglement between the two qubits which have no direct interaction.
As a model of decohering environment, we show that a quantum chaotic system behaves equivalently as a many-body system. An approximate formula for the time evolution of the reduced density matrix of a system interacting with a quantum chaotic environment is derived. This theoretical formulation is substantiated by the numerical study of the decoherence of two qubits interacting with a quantum chaotic environment modeled by a chaotic kicked top. Like the many-body model of environment, the quantum chaotic system is an efficient decoherer, and it can generate entanglement between the two qubits which have no direct interaction.
We study the dynamics of the entanglement between two qubits coupled to a common chaotic environment, described by the quantum kicked rotator model. We show that the kicked rotator, which is a single-particle deterministic dynamical system, can reproduce the effects of a pure dephasing many-body bath. Indeed, in the semiclassical limit the interaction with the kicked rotator can be described as a random phase kick, so that decoherence is induced in the two-qubit system. We also show that our model can efficiently simulate non-Markovian environments.
We investigate the dissipative dynamics of quantum discord in a decoherence model with two initially entangled qubits in addition to a quantum kicked top. The two qubits are uncoupled during the period of our study and one of them interacts with the quantum kicked top. We find that the long-time behavior of quantum discord could be well described by the fidelity decay of the quantum kicked top; for short-time behavior, however, the phase of the amplitude of the fidelity decay is necessary to provide more specific information about the system. We have made a comparison between the quantum kicked top and the multi-mode oscillator system in describing the environment, and also compared the dynamics of the entanglement with that of quantum discord.
Decoherence in quantum systems which are classically chaotic is studied. The Arnold cat map and the quantum kicked rotor are chosen as examples of linear and nonlinear chaotic systems. The Feynman-Vernon influence functional formalism is used to study the effect of the environment on the system. It is well known that quantum coherence can obliterate chaotic behavior in the corresponding classical system. But interaction with an environment can under general circumstances quickly diminish quantum coherence and reenact classical chaotic behavior. How effectively decoherence works to sustain chaos, and how the resultant behavior qualitatively differs from the quantum picture, depending on the coupling of the system with the environment and the spectral density and temperature of the environment. We show how recurrence in the quantum cat map is lost and classical ergodicity is recovered due to the effect of the environment. Quantum coherence and diffusion suppression are instrumental to dynamical localization for the kicked rotor. We show how environment-induced effects can destroy this localization. Such effects can also be understood as resulting from external noises driving the system. Peculiar to decohering chaotic systems is the apparent transition from reversible to irreversible dynamics. We show such transitions in the quantum cat map and the kicked rotor and distinguish it from apparent irreversibility originating from dynamical instability and imprecise measurements. By performing a time reversal on and following the quantum kicked rotor dynamics numerically, we show how the otherwise reversible quantum dynamics acquires an arrow of time upon the introduction of noise or interaction with an environment.
Using recent results in the field of quantum chaos we derive explicit expressions for the time scale of decoherence induced by the system-environment entanglement. For a generic system-environment interaction and for a generic quantum chaotic system as environment, conditions are derived for energy eigenstates to be preferred states in the weak coupling regime. A simple model is introduced to numerically confirm our predictions. The results presented here may also help with understanding the dynamics of quantum entanglement generation in chaotic quantum systems.
We analyze the interplay of chaos, entanglement, and decoherence in a system of qubits whose collective behavior is that of a quantum kicked top. The dynamical entanglement between a single qubit and the rest can be calculated from the mean of the collective spin operators. This allows the possibility of efficiently measuring entanglement dynamics in an experimental setting. We consider a deeply quantum regime and show that signatures of chaos are present in the dynamical entanglement for parameters accessible in an experiment that we propose using cold atoms. The evolution of the entanglement depends on the support of the initial state on regular versus chaotic Floquet eigenstates, whose phase-space distributions are concentrated on the corresponding regular or chaotic eigenstructures. We include the effect of decoherence via a realistic model and show that the signatures of chaos in the entanglement dynamics persist in the presence of decoherence. In addition, the classical chaos affects the decoherence rate itself.