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arXiv:0806.3547 · Physical Review Letters

Reversal of the Weak Measurement of a Quantum State in a Superconducting Phase Qubit

Nadav Y. Katz, M. Neeley, M. Ansmann, Radoslaw C. Bialczak, M. Hofheinz, Erik A. Lucero, A. D. O’Connell, H. Wang, Andrew N. Cleland, John M. Martinis, Alexander N. Korotkov

Published Nov 10, 2008• 256 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate in a superconducting qubit the conditional recovery (uncollapsing) of a quantum state after a partial-collapse measurement. A weak measurement extracts information and results in a nonunitary transformation of the qubit state. However, by adding a rotation and a second partial measurement with the same strength, we erase the extracted information, canceling the effect of both measurements. The fidelity of the state recovery is measured using quantum process tomography and found to be above 70% for partial-collapse strength less than 0.6.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.101.200401

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We demonstrate in a superconducting qubit the conditional recovery (uncollapsing) of a quantum state after a partial-collapse measurement. A weak measurement extracts information and results in a nonunitary transformation of the qubit state. However, by adding a rotation and a second partial measurement with the same strength, we erase the extracted information, canceling the effect of both measurements. The fidelity of the state recovery is measured using quantum process tomography and found to be above 70% for partial-collapse strength less than 0.6.
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We review and expand on recent advances in theory and experiments concerning the problem of wavefunction uncollapse: given an unknown state that has been disturbed by a generalised measurement, restore the state to its initial configuration. We describe how this is probabilistically possible with a subsequent measurement that involves erasing the information extracted about the state in the first measurement. The general theory of abstract measurements is discussed, focusing on quantum information aspects of the problem, in addition to investigating a variety of specific physical situations and explicit measurement strategies. Several systems are considered in detail: the quantum double dot charge qubit measured by a quantum point contact (with and without Hamiltonian dynamics), the superconducting phase qubit monitored by a SQUID detector, and an arbitrary number of entangled charge qubits. Furthermore, uncollapse strategies for the quantum dot electron spin qubit, and the optical polarisation qubit are also reviewed. For each of these systems the physics of the continuous measurement process, the strategy required to ideally uncollapse the wavefunction, as well as the statistical features associated with the measurement are discussed. We also summarise the recent experimental realisation of two of these systems, the phase qubit and the polarisation qubit.