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arXiv:0806.2865 · Physical Review B

Boson Hubbard model with weakly coupled fermions

Roman M. Lutchyn, Sumanta Tewari, S. Das Sarma

Published Dec 8, 2008• 14 citations
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Abstract

Using an imaginary-time path integral approach, we develop the perturbation theory suited to the boson Hubbard model and apply it to calculate the effects of a dilute gas of spin-polarized fermions weakly interacting with the bosons. The full theory captures both the static and the dynamic effects of the fermions on the generic superfluid-insulator phase diagram. We find that, in a homogenous system described by a single-band boson Hubbard Hamiltonian, the intrinsic perturbative effect of the fermions is to generically suppress the insulating lobes and to enhance the superfluid phase.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.78.220504

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Using an imaginary-time path integral approach, we develop the perturbation theory suited to the boson Hubbard model and apply it to calculate the effects of a dilute gas of spin-polarized fermions weakly interacting with the bosons. The full theory captures both the static and the dynamic effects of the fermions on the generic superfluid-insulator phase diagram. We find that, in a homogenous system described by a single-band boson Hubbard Hamiltonian, the intrinsic perturbative effect of the fermions is to generically suppress the insulating lobes and to enhance the superfluid phase.
Building on the work of Fisher et al. [Phys. Rev. B 40, 546 (1989)], we develop the perturbation theory for the Bose-Hubbard model and apply it to calculate the effects of a degenerate gas of spin-polarized fermions interacting by contact interactions with the constituent bosons. For the single-band Bose-Hubbard model, we find that the net effect of the screening of the boson on-site interaction by the fermions is to suppress the Mott-insulating lobes in the Bose-Hubbard phase diagram. For the more general multiband model, we find that, in addition to the fermion screening effects, the virtual excitations of the bosons to the higher Bloch bands, coupled with the contact interactions with the fermions, result in an effective increase (decrease) of the boson on-site repulsion (hopping parameter). If the higher-band renormalization of the boson parameters is dominant over the fermion screening of the interaction, the Mott-insulating lobes in the Bose-Hubbard phase diagram are enhanced for either sign of the Bose-Fermi interactions, consistent with the recent experiments.
We study the phase diagram of a degenerate gas of bosons in an optical lattice, described by the boson Hubbard Hamiltonian, interacting with spin-polarized fermions. Virtual transitions of the bosons to the higher Bloch bands, coupled with the contact interspecies interactions of either sign, result in an effective increase of the bosonic on-site repulsion. If this renormalization of the on-site potential is dominant over the fermionic screening of the boson interactions, superfluid coherence of the Bose-Hubbard system will be reduced by the fermions. We discuss experimental implications for cold atomic systems.
We analyze the finite-temperature phase diagram of the boson-fermion-Hubbard model with Feshbach converting interaction, using the coherent-state path-integral method. We show that depending on the position of the bosonic band, this type of interaction, even if weak, can drive the system into the resonant superfluid phase in the strong bosonic interaction limit. It turns out that this phase can exist for an arbitrary number of fermions (i.e., fermionic concentration between 0 and 2), but with the bosonic particle number very close to an integer value. We point out that the standard time-of-flight method in optical lattice experiments can be an adequate technique to confirm the existence of this resonant phase. Moreover, in the nonresonant regime, the enhancement of the critical temperature of the superfluid phase due to Feshbach interaction is also observed. We account for this interesting phenomena for a hole- or particlelike pairing mechanism depending on the system density and mutual location of the fermionic and bosonic bands.
Recent progress in experiments on trapped ultracold atoms has made it possible to study the interplay between magnetism and superfluid-insulator transitions in the boson Hubbard model. We report on quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the spin-1 boson Hubbard model in the ground state. For antiferromagnetic interactions favoring singlets, we present exact numerical evidence that the superfluid-insulator transition is first (second) order for even (odd) Mott lobes. Inside even lobes, we search for nematic-to-singlet first order transitions. In the ferromagnetic case where transitions are all continuous, we map the phase diagram and show the superfluid to be ferromagnetic. We compare the quantum Monte Carlo phase diagram with a third order perturbation calculation.
The superfluid-insulator transition of bosons is strongly modified by the presence of fermions. Through an imaginary-time path-integral approach, we derive the self-consistent mean-field transition line, and account for both the static and dynamic screening effects of the fermions. We find that an effect akin to the fermionic orthogonality catastrophe, arising from the fermionic screening fluctuations, suppresses superfluidity. We analyze this effect for various mixture parameters and temperatures, and consider possible signatures of the orthogonality-catastrophe effect in other measurables of the mixture.
The phase transitions in the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model are investigated.The boson Green's function is calculated in the random phase approximation (RPA) and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used.The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the (µ, t) (the boson chemical potential vs. hopping parameter) phase diagrams are built at different values of boson-fermion interaction constant (in the regimes of fixed chemical potential or fixed concentration of fermions).The effect of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagrams in the (T, µ) plane are constructed.The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter.The reconstruction of the Mott-insulator lobes due to this effect is analyzed.