Efficient preparation of decoherence-free subspace basis states
Zi-Ming Li, Yu-xi Liu
Decoherence-free subspace (DFS) provides a crucial mechanism for passive error mitigation in quantum computation by encoding information within symmetry-protected subspaces of the Hilbert space, which are immune from collective decoherence. Constructing a complete set of orthogonal basis states for the DFS is essential to realize fault-tolerant quantum computation by using the DFS codes. However, existing methods for preparing these basis states are often non-scalable, platform-specific, or yield mixed states. Here, we propose a deterministic approach to prepare pure, orthogonal and complete DFS basis states for systems of arbitrary size composed of qubits. Our method employs projective measurements and quantum circuits with single-qubit, two-qubit and Toffoli gates. We provide a rigorous resource cost analysis both mathematically and numerically. Meanwhile, we demonstrate the realizability of our method on NISQ devices by discussing how to implement our method on a superconducting chip. The proposed method offers a universal solution for preparing the DFS basis states across diverse quantum computing platforms and system sizes, which is realizable in the NISQ era.
arXiv:2509.11544•Physical Review A•Dec 9, 2025•0 citations