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arXiv:0805.4203 · Physical Review Letters

px+ipy Superfluid from s -Wave Interactions of Fermionic Cold Atoms

Chuanwei Zhang, Sumanta Tewari, Roman M. Lutchyn, S. Das Sarma

Published Oct 17, 2008• 397 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Two-dimensional (p(x)+ip(y)) superfluids or superconductors offer a playground for studying intriguing physics such as quantum teleportation, non-Abelian statistics, and topological quantum computation. Creating such a superfluid in cold fermionic atom optical traps using p-wave Feshbach resonance is turning out to be challenging. Here we propose a method to create a p(x)+ip(y) superfluid directly from an s-wave interaction making use of a topological Berry phase, which can be artificially generated. We discuss ways to detect the spontaneous Hall mass current, which acts as a diagnostic for the chiral p-wave superfluid.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.101.160401

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Two-dimensional (p(x)+ip(y)) superfluids or superconductors offer a playground for studying intriguing physics such as quantum teleportation, non-Abelian statistics, and topological quantum computation. Creating such a superfluid in cold fermionic atom optical traps using p-wave Feshbach resonance is turning out to be challenging. Here we propose a method to create a p(x)+ip(y) superfluid directly from an s-wave interaction making use of a topological Berry phase, which can be artificially generated. We discuss ways to detect the spontaneous Hall mass current, which acts as a diagnostic for the chiral p-wave superfluid.
A Majorana zero bound mode exists in the vortex core of a chiral p+ipp+ipp+ip superconductor or superfluid, which can be driven from an sss-wave pairing state by two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling. We propose here a novel scheme based on realistic cold atom platforms to generate two-dimensional spin-orbit interactions in a blue-detuned square optical lattice, and predict both the quantum anomalous Hall effect and chiral topological superfluid phase in the experimentally accessible parameter regimes. This work may open a new direction with experimental feasibility to observe non-Abelian topological orders in cold atom systems.
Two-dimensional p + ip superconductors and superfluids are systems that feature chiral behavior emerging from the Cooper pairing of electrons or neutral fermionic atoms with nonzero angular momentum.Their realization has been a longstanding goal because they offer great potential utility for quantum computation and memory.However, they have so far eluded experimental observation both in solid-state systems as well as in ultracold quantum gases.Here, we propose to leverage the tremendous control offered by rotating two-dimensional trapped-ion crystals in a Penning trap to simulate the dynamical phases of two-dimensional p + ip superfluids.This is accomplished by mapping the presence or absence of a Cooper pair into an effective spin-1/2 system encoded in the ions' electronic levels.We show how to infer the topological properties of the dynamical phases, and discuss the role of beyond mean-field corrections.More broadly, our work opens the door to use trapped-ion systems to explore exotic models of topological superconductivity and also paves the way to generate and manipulate skyrmionic spin textures in these platforms.
Chiral superfluidity in ultracold Fermi gases represents a fascinating frontier in condensed matter physics, offering a pristine platform for exploring exotic quantum phases with topological properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical underpinnings and potential experimental realizations of chiral superfluids when ultracold Fermi gases are subjected to artificial gauge fields. We begin by introducing the concept of artificial gauge fields, detailing how they can be engineered using laser-atom interactions to impart synthetic spin-orbit coupling and break time-reversal symmetry, thereby creating conditions conducive to chiral order. We then delve into the microscopic theory of chiral pairing, particularly focusing on p-wave and p+ip superfluid states, which are intrinsically chiral and support topologically protected edge modes, such as Majorana fermions. The methodology section outlines the theoretical tools employed, including mean-field BCS theory and Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, to predict the phase diagrams and spectroscopic signatures of these exotic states. We discuss the effects of varying interaction strengths, gauge field parameters, and trapping potentials on the emergence and stability of chiral phases. The potential for experimental detection through rf spectroscopy, noise correlations, and direct imaging of vortex cores is also addressed. Our findings underscore the significant potential of ultracold atomic systems as quantum simulators for unraveling the mysteries of topological phases, with profound implications for fundamental physics and quantum information science.
We propose and analyze a probabilistic scheme to entangle two spatially separated topological qubits in a p{x}+ip{y} superfluid using controlled collisions between atoms in movable dipole traps and unpaired atoms inside vortex cores in the superfluid. We discuss how to test the violation of Bell's inequality with the generated entanglement. A set of universal quantum gates is shown to be implementable deterministically using the entanglement despite the fact that the entangled states can be created only probabilistically.
In a dipolar Fermi gas, the anisotropic interaction between electric dipoles can be turned into an effectively attractive interaction in the presence of a rotating electric field. We show that the topological px+ipy{p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}px​+ipy​ superfluid phase can be realized in a single-component dipolar Fermi gas trapped in a two-dimensional square optical lattice with this attractive interaction at low temperatures. The px+ipy{p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}px​+ipy​ superfluid state has potential applications for topological quantum computing. We obtain the phase diagram of this system at zero temperature. When the interaction is weak, the ppp-wave superfluid state is stable for most filling factors except near half filling, where phase separation takes place. In the weak-coupling limit, the phase-separation region vanishes. When the interaction strength is above a threshold, the system is phase separated for any filling factor 0<n<10<n<10<n<1. The transition temperature of the px+ipy{p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}px​+ipy​ superfluid state is estimated and the implication for experiments is discussed.
We propose to use the recently predicted two-dimensional "weak-pairing" px + ipy superfluid state of fermionic cold atoms as a platform for topological quantum computation. In the core of a vortex, this state supports a zero-energy Majorana mode, which moves to finite energy in the corresponding topologically trivial "strong-pairing" state. By braiding vortices in the "weak-pairing" state, unitary quantum gates can be applied to the Hilbert space of Majorana zero modes. For readout of the topological qubits, we propose realistic schemes suitable for atomic superfluids.