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arXiv:0805.3885 · Physical Review A

Partial-state fidelity and quantum phase transitions induced by continuous level crossing

Ho-Man Kwok, Chun-Sing Ho, Shi-Jian Gu

Published Dec 3, 2008• 18 citations
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Abstract

In quantum phase transitions induced by continuous level crossing, global-state fidelity drops to zero at every level crossing point, making finite-size scaling not applicable to study the criticality. In this paper, we calculate the partial-state fidelity in two models, i.e., the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model and one-dimensional Heisenberg model. We show that it can spot the second-order phase transition point in the thermodynamic limit, where continuous level crossing occurs. The finite-size scaling shows the partial-state fidelity susceptibility diverges as $N$ for the isotropic LMG model and ${N}^{3}$ for the Heisenberg model.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.062302

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In quantum phase transitions induced by continuous level crossing, global-state fidelity drops to zero at every level crossing point, making finite-size scaling not applicable to study the criticality. In this paper, we calculate the partial-state fidelity in two models, i.e., the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model and one-dimensional Heisenberg model. We show that it can spot the second-order phase transition point in the thermodynamic limit, where continuous level crossing occurs. The finite-size scaling shows the partial-state fidelity susceptibility diverges as NNN for the isotropic LMG model and N3{N}^{3}N3 for the Heisenberg model.
Quantum phase transitions are currently studied in several fields of physics, as examples one finds: in nuclear physics the shape phase transitions within the Interacting Boson Model; in quantum optics two level atoms interacting with a one mode electromagnetic radiation in a cavity; and in condensed matter in the analysis of the behavior of spin systems. In this contribution we employ the fidelity and its susceptibility, two concepts widely used in quantum information theory, to determine the quantum phase transitions of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model together with its scaling properties. By means of these concepts, we propose a quantum method to determine the crossings and anti-crossings present in a model Hamiltonian as a function of the control parameters of the model. A review of the separatrix of the LMG model is done to compare the results obtained by means of quantum information concepts with those related with the singular behavior of the energy surface of the model, which is the expectation value of the Hamiltonian with respect to spin coherent states.
We derive a general formula for the reduced fidelity susceptibility when the reduced density matrix is 2x2 block diagonal. By using this result and a continuous unitary transformation, we study finite-size scaling of the reduced fidelity susceptibility in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. It is found that it can well characterize quantum phase transitions, that is, we can extract information about quantum phase transitions from only the fidelity of a subsystem, which is of practical use in experiments.
We study the critical properties of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model in terms of the fidelity susceptibility. By using the Holstein-Primakoff transformation, we obtain explicitly the critical exponent of the fidelity susceptibility around the second-order quantum phase transition point. Our results provide a rare analytic case for the fidelity susceptibility in describing the universality class in quantum critical behavior. The different critical exponents in two phases are nontrivial results, indicating that the fidelity susceptibility is not always extensive.
In this paper, we explore the differences between classical logarithmic fidelity and quantum fidelity. The classical logarithmic fidelity is found to be always extensive while the quantum one manifests distinct size dependence in different phases. Illustrated by the anisotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, we found numerically and analytically that the logarithmic fidelity scales like N in the symmetry-broken phase and scales like N^0 in the polarized phase. The singular behavior around the critical point is also investigated.
The fidelity, linear entropy and entanglement entropy, concepts of information theory, are used to determine the localization of quantum phase transitions of the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick (LMG) and the Dicke models for a finite number of particles. Another concept, the so-called fidelity susceptibility, gives us information of the scaling behavior of the quantum phase transitions of the models. In particular universal curves are presented for the specific susceptibility. It is shown that the control parameters of both models have a similar dependence in the number of particles when the systems approach to the thermodynamic limit.
We study the quantum fidelity approach to characterize thermal phase transitions. Specifically, we focus on the mixed-state fidelity induced by a perturbation in temperature. We consider the behavior of fidelity in two types of second-order thermal phase transitions (based on the type of nonanaliticity of free energy), and we find that usual fidelity criteria for identifying critical points is more applicable to the case of lambda transitions (divergent second derivatives of free energy). Our study also reveals that for fixed perturbations, the sensitivity of fidelity at high temperatures (where thermal fluctuations wash out information about the transition) is reduced. From the connection to thermodynamical quantities we propose slight variations to the usual fidelity approach that allow us to overcome these limitations. In all cases we find that fidelity remains a good precriterion for testing thermal phase transitions, and we use it to analyze the nonzero temperature phase diagram of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model.