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arXiv:0805.1847

Coherent state quantization of angle, time, and more irregular functions and distributions

Biswajit Chakraborty, Jean‐Pierre Gazeau, Ahmed Youssef

Published May 13, 2008• 4 citations
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Abstract

The domain of application of quantization methods is traditionally restricted to smooth classical observables. We show that the coherent states or "anti-Wick" quantization enables us to construct fairly reasonable quantum versions of irregular observables living on the classical phase space, such as the angle function, the time function of a free particle and even a large set of distributions comprising the tempered distributions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0805.1847

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The domain of application of quantization methods is traditionally restricted to smooth classical observables. We show that the coherent states or "anti-Wick" quantization enables us to construct fairly reasonable quantum versions of irregular observables living on the classical phase space, such as the angle function, the time function of a free particle and even a large set of distributions comprising the tempered distributions.
This work presents coherent state quantization f↦∫f(x)|X〉〈X|dμ(X) applied to the classical time of arrival functions of the form T(q,p)=-μqp, expressed in different coordinate systems, corresponding to phase spaces of the p confined and free particle, respectively. The most important ingredient in this technique is the coherent state. Two ways of constructing coherent states will be adopted:via unitary group representations and via superposition method, applied to time of arrival function of one – dimensional confined and free particles.
Berezin-Klauder-Toeplitz (“anti-Wick”) or “coherent state” quantization of the complex plane, viewed as the phase space of a particle moving on the line, is derived from the resolution of the unity provided by the standard (or gaussian) coherent states. The construction of these states and their attractive properties are essentially based on the energy spectrum of the harmonic oscillator, that is on natural numbers. We follow in this work the same path by considering sequences of non-negative numbers and their associated “non-linear” coherent states. We illustrate our approach with the 2-d motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. By solving the involved Stieltjes moment problem we construct a family of coherent states for this model. We then proceed with the corresponding coherent state quantization and we show that this procedure takes into account the circle topology of the classical motion.
This paper proposes an approach to interpreting quantum expectation values that may help address the quantum measurement problem. Quantum expectation values are usually calculated via Hilbert space inner products and, thereby, differently from expectation values in classical mechanics, which are weighted phase-space integrals. It is shown that, by using Anti-Wick quantization to associate dynamical variables with self-adjoint linear operators, quantum expectation values can be interpreted as genuine weighted averages over phase space, paralleling their classical counterparts. This interpretation arises naturally in the Segal-Bargmann space, where creation and annihilation operators act as simple multiplication and differentiation operators. In this setting, the Husimi Q-function - the coherent-state representation of the quantum state - can be seen as a true probability density in phase space. Unlike Bohmian mechanics, the present approach retains the standard correspondence between dynamical variables and self-adjoint operators while paving the way for a classical-like probabilistic interpretation of quantum statistics.
It is well known from the work of Berezin [24] (Commun. Math. Phys. 40:153–174, 1975) in 1975 that the quantization problem of a classical mechanical system is closely related with coherent states. In particular coherent states help to understand the limiting behaviour of a quantum system when the Planck constant ℏ\hbar ℏ becomes negligible in macroscopic units. This problem is called the semi-classical limit problem. In this chapter we discuss properties of quantum systems when the configuration space is the Euclidean space Rn\mathbb R^nRn. So that in the Hamiltonian formalism, the phase space is Rn×Rn\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^nRn×Rn with its canonical symplectic form σ\sigma σ. The quantization problem has many solutions, so we choose a convient one, introduced by Weyl [259] (The Classical Groups, 1997) and Wigner [261] (Group Theory and Its Applications to Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra, 1959). We study the symmetries of Weyl quantization, the operationnal calculus and applications to propagation of observables. We show that Wick quantization is a natural bridge between Weyl quantization and coherent states. Applications are given to the semi-classical limit after introducing an efficient modern tool: the semi-classical measures. We illustrate the general results proved in this chapter by explicit computations for the harmonic oscillator. More applications will be given in the following chapters, in particular concerning propagators and trace formulas for a large class of quantum systems.
We discuss the construction of coherent states (CS) for systems with continuous spectra. First, we propose to adopt the Malkin–Manko approach, developed for systems with discrete spectra, to the case under consideration. Following this approach, we consider two examples, a free particle and a particle in a linear potential. Second, we generalize the approach of action-angle CS to systems with continuous spectra. In the first approach we start with a well-defined quantum formulation (canonical quantization) of a physical system and the construction of CS follows from such a quantization. In the second approach, the quantization procedure is inherent to the CS construction itself.