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arXiv:0805.1507 · Physical Review A

Accessing the Néel phase of ultracold fermionic atoms in a simple-cubic optical lattice

Charles Mathy, David A. Huse

Published Jun 24, 2009• 20 citations
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Abstract

We examine the phase diagram of a simple-cubic optical lattice half filled by two species of fermionic atoms with a repulsive $s$-wave contact interaction. We use the Hartree approximation in the regime of weaker interactions and a Hubbard model approximation in the Mott insulating phase. The regime where the N\'eel phase of this system is likely to be most accessible to experiments is at intermediate lattice strengths and interactions, and our two approximations agree fairly well in this regime. We discuss the various issues that may determine where in this phase diagram the N\'eel phase is first produced and detected experimentally, and analyze the quantum phases that occur in the intermediate lattice strength regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.063412

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We examine the phase diagram of a simple-cubic optical lattice half filled by two species of fermionic atoms with a repulsive sss-wave contact interaction. We use the Hartree approximation in the regime of weaker interactions and a Hubbard model approximation in the Mott insulating phase. The regime where the N'eel phase of this system is likely to be most accessible to experiments is at intermediate lattice strengths and interactions, and our two approximations agree fairly well in this regime. We discuss the various issues that may determine where in this phase diagram the N'eel phase is first produced and detected experimentally, and analyze the quantum phases that occur in the intermediate lattice strength regime.
We examine the phase diagram of a simple-cubic optical lattice half-filled by two species of fermionic atoms with a repulsive s-wave contact interaction. We use the Hartree approximation in the regime of weaker interactions, and a Hubbard model approximation in the Mott insulating phase. The regime where the Neel phase of this system is likely to be most accessible to experiments is at intermediate lattice strengths and interactions, and our two approximations agree fairly well in this regime. We discuss the various issues that may determine where in this phase diagram the Neel phase is first produced and detected experimentally, and analyze the quantum phases that occur in the intermediate lattice strength regime.
We review our theoretical analysis of repulsively interacting three-component fermionic atoms in optical lattices. We discuss quantum phase transitions at around half filling with a balanced population by focusing on Mott transitions, staggered ordering, and superfluidity. At half filling (with 3/2 atoms per site), characteristic Mott transitions are induced by the anisotropic interactions, where two-particle repulsions between any two of the three colors have different strengths. At half filling, two types of staggered ordered states appear at low temperatures depending on the anisotropy of the interactions. As the temperature increases, phase transitions occur from the staggered ordered states to the unordered Mott states. Deviating from half filling, an exotic superfluid state appears close to a regime in which the Mott transition occurs. We explain the origin of these phase transitions and present the finite-temperature phase diagrams.
We present a scheme to implement a Fermi-Hubbard-like model in ultracold atoms in optical lattices and analyze the topological features of its ground state. In particular, we show that the ground state for appropriate parameters has a large overlap with a lattice version of the bosonic Laughlin state at filling factor one-half. The scheme utilizes laser assisted and normal tunneling in a checkerboard optical lattice. The requirements on temperature, interactions, and hopping strengths are similar to those needed to observe the N\'eel antiferromagnetic ordering in the standard Fermi-Hubbard model in the Mott insulating regime.
We study Fermi gases in a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice with five fermions per site, i.e., the sss band is completely filled and the ppp band with threefold degeneracy is half filled. We show that for repulsive interaction between fermions, the system will exhibit spin-3/2 antiferromagnetic order at low temperature. This conclusion is obtained both in strong interaction regime by strong coupling expansion and in weak interaction regime by the Hartree--Fock mean-field theory with analysis of the Fermi surface nesting. We also show that in the strongly correlated regime the N\'eel temperature for ppp band antiferromagnetism is 2 to 3 orders of magnitudes higher than that of sss band, which is much more promising to be attained in cold atom experiments.
We study a two-species fermion mixture with different populations on a square lattice modeled by a Hubbard Hamiltonian with onsite interspecies repulsive interaction. Such a model can be realized in a cold-atom system with fermionic atoms in two different hyperfine states loaded on an optical lattice and with tunable interspecies interaction strength via external fields. For a two-dimensional square lattice, when at least one of the fermion species is close to half-filling, the system is highly affected by lattice effects. With the majority species near half-filling and varying densities for the minority species, we find that several correlated phases emerge as the ground state, including a spin density wave state, a charge density wave state with stripe structure, and various ppp-wave BCS pairing states for both species. We study this system using a functional renormalization group method, determine its phase diagram at weak coupling, discuss the origin and characteristics of each phase, and provide estimates for the critical temperatures.
We first introduce the ultracold atoms and the optical lattices. Then, we analyze various Mott insulating phases of interacting spin-3=2 fermionic ultracold atoms in two-dimensional square optical lattices. Using a generalized Hubbard model, we identify two distinct symmetry breaking phases: the spin-quadrupole ordering phase and the spin-dipole-spin-octupole ordering phase. Near the SU(4) symmetric point, we find that an algebraic spin liquid phase may emerge due to strong quantum fluctuations. Finally, the possible quantum phase transitions between these exotic phases are also discussed.