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arXiv:0804.4334 · Physical Review A

Wave-packet Rabi oscillations from phase-space flow in mesoscopic cavity QED

Omri Gat

Published May 22, 2008• 5 citations
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Abstract

The dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is studied in the semiclassical limit by reducing it to quantum normal form and deriving the phase-space dynamics of classically smooth observables. The resulting systematic semiclassical approximation is used to analyze the Rabi oscillations of a photon wave packet revealing subtle consequences of the uncertainty principle.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.050102

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•Aug 17, 2016•1 citation
The dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is studied in the semiclassical limit by reducing it to quantum normal form and deriving the phase-space dynamics of classically smooth observables. The resulting systematic semiclassical approximation is used to analyze the Rabi oscillations of a photon wave packet revealing subtle consequences of the uncertainty principle.
By using a wave packet approach, this paper reviews the Jaynes-Cummings model with and without the rotating wave approximation in a non-standard way. This gives new insight, not only of the two models themselves, but of the rotating wave approximation as well. Expressing the models by field quadrature operators, instead of the typically used boson ladder operators, wave packet simulations are presented. Several known phenomena of these systems, such as collapse-revivals, Rabi oscillation, squeezing and entanglement, are reviewed and explained in this new picture, either in an adiabatic or diabatic frame. The harmonic shape of the potential curves that the wave packets evolve on and the existence of a level crossing make these results interesting in a broader sense than only for models in quantum optics, especially in atomic and molecular physics.
This paper numerically studies the Jaynes-Cummings model with and without the rotating wave approximation in a non-standard way. Expressing the models with field quadrature operators, instead of the typically used boson ladder operators, a wave packet propagation approach is applied. The obtained evolved wave packets are then used to calculate various quantities, such as, Rabi oscillations, squeezing and entanglement. Many of the phenomenon can be explained from the wave packet evolution, either in the adiabatic or diabatic frames. Different behaviours of the two models are discussed.
The quantum evolution of the Wigner function for Gaussian wave packets generated by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is investigated. In the semiclassical limit $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ this yields the non-Hermitian analog of the Ehrenfest theorem for the dynamics of observable expectation values. The lack of Hermiticity reveals the importance of the complex structure on the classical phase space: The resulting equations of motion are coupled to an equation of motion for the phase-space metric---a phenomenon having no analog in Hermitian theories.
The Jaynes-Cummings model, with and without the rotating wave approximation, is expressed in the conjugate variable representation and solved numerically by wave packet propagation. Both cases are then cast into systems of two coupled harmonic oscillators, reminiscent of coupled bound electronic potential curves of diatomic molecules. Using the knowledge of such models, this approach of the problem gives new insight of the dynamics. The effect of the rotating wave approximation is discussed. The collapse-revival phenomenon is especially analyzed in a non-standard manner. Extensions of the method is briefly mentioned in terms of a three-level atom and the Dicke model.
We demonstrate that a highly excited quantum electromagnetic mode strongly interacting with a single qubit exhibits several distinct resonances in addition to the Bloch-Siegert resonance condition that arises in the interaction with classical radiation. The resonance phenomena are associated with non-classical effects: Collapse of Rabi oscillations, splitting of the photon wave packet, and field-qubit entanglement. The analysis is based on a semiclassical phase-space flow of 2-by-2 matrices and becomes exact when the photon number tends to infinity. The flow equations are solved perturbatively and numerically, showing that the resonant detuning of the field and qubit frequencies lie on two branches in the leading order, that further split into distinct curves in higher orders. 1