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arXiv:0804.3127 · Physical Review A

Minimum-disturbance measurement without postselection

So-Young Baek, Yong Wook Cheong, Yoon-Ho Kim

Published Jun 23, 2008• 21 citations
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Abstract

We propose and demonstrate a linear optical device which deterministically performs optimal quantum measurement or minimum disturbance measurement on a single-photon polarization qubit with the help of an ancillary path qubit introduced to the same photon. We show theoretically and experimentally that this device satisfies the minimum disturbance measurement condition by investigating the relation between the information gain (estimation fidelity) and the state disturbance due to measurement (operation fidelity). Our implementation of minimum disturbance measurement is postselection-free in the sense that all detection events are counted toward evaluation of the estimation fidelity and the operation fidelity, i.e., there is no need for coincidence postselection of the detection events.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.060308

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We propose and demonstrate a linear optical device which deterministically performs optimal quantum measurement or minimum disturbance measurement on a single-photon polarization qubit with the help of an ancillary path qubit introduced to the same photon. We show theoretically and experimentally that this device satisfies the minimum disturbance measurement condition by investigating the relation between the information gain (estimation fidelity) and the state disturbance due to measurement (operation fidelity). Our implementation of minimum disturbance measurement is postselection-free in the sense that all detection events are counted toward evaluation of the estimation fidelity and the operation fidelity, i.e., there is no need for coincidence postselection of the detection events.
We demonstrate a linear optical device which performs optimal quantum measurement or minimum disturbance measurement on a single-photon polarization qubit with the help of an ancillary path qubit introduced to the same photon. We show theoretically and experimentally that this device satisfies the minimum disturbance measurement condition by investigating the relation between the information gain (estimation fidelity) and the state disturbance due to measurement (operation fidelity). Our implementation of minimal disturbance measurement is postselection-free in the sense that all detection events are counted toward evaluation of the estimation fidelity and the operation fidelity, i.e., there is no need for coincidence postselection of the detection events.
We report the first experimental realization of an "optimal" quantum device able to perform a minimal disturbance measurement on polarization encoded qubits saturating the theoretical boundary established between the classical knowledge acquired of any input state, i.e., a "classical guess," and the fidelity of the same state after disturbance due to measurement. The device has been physically realized by means of a linear optical qubit manipulation, postselection measurement, and a classical feed-forward process.
We investigate the optimal trade-off between information gained about an unknown coherent state and the state disturbance caused by the measurement process. We propose several optical schemes that can enable this task, and we implement one of them, a scheme that relies on only linear optics and homodyne detection. Experimentally we reach near optimal performance, limited only by detection inefficiencies. In addition, we show that such a scheme can be used to enhance the transmission fidelity of a class of noisy channels.