We numerically study the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the kagomé lattice using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We find that the ground state is a magnetically disordered spin liquid, characterized by an exponential decay of spin-spin correlation function in real space and a magnetic structure factor showing system-size independent peaks at commersurate antiferromangetic wavevectors. We obtain a spin triplet excitation gap $ΔE(S=1)=0.055\pm 0.005$ by extrapolation based on the large size results, and confirm the presence of gapless singlet excitations. The physical nature of such an exotic spin liquid is also discussed.
We numerically study the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the kagomé lattice using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We find that the ground state is a magnetically disordered spin liquid, characterized by an exponential decay of spin-spin correlation function in real space and a magnetic structure factor showing system-size independent peaks at commersurate antiferromangetic wavevectors. We obtain a spin triplet excitation gap ΔE(S=1)=0.055±0.005 by extrapolation based on the large size results, and confirm the presence of gapless singlet excitations. The physical nature of such an exotic spin liquid is also discussed.
We numerically study the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice using the density-matrix renormalization group method. We find that the ground state is a magnetically disordered spin liquid, characterized by an exponential decay of spin-spin correlation function in real space and a magnetic structure factor showing system-size independent peaks at commensurate magnetic wave vectors. We obtain a spin triplet excitation gap DeltaE(S=1)=0.055+/-0.005 by extrapolation based on the large size results, and confirm the presence of gapless singlet excitations. The physical nature of such an exotic spin liquid is also discussed.
We perform a density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) study of the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice to identify the conjectured spin liquid ground state. Exploiting SU(2) spin symmetry, which allows us to keep up to 16,000 DMRG states, we consider cylinders with circumferences up to 17 lattice spacings and find a spin liquid ground state with an estimated per site energy of -0.4386(5), a spin gap of 0.13(1), very short-range decay in spin, dimer and chiral correlation functions and finite topological entanglement gamma consistent with gamma=ld 2, ruling out gapless, chiral or non-topological spin liquids. At the same time, DMRG results provide strong evidence for a gapped topological Z2 spin liquid.
We perform a density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) study of the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice to identify the conjectured spin liquid ground state. Exploiting SU(2) spin symmetry, which allows us to keep up to 16,000 DMRG states, we consider cylinders with circumferences up to 17 lattice spacings and find a spin liquid ground state with an estimated per site energy of -0.4386(5), a spin gap of 0.13(1), very short-range decay in spin, dimer and chiral correlation functions, and finite topological entanglement γ consistent with γ=log(2)2, ruling out gapless, chiral, or nontopological spin liquids in favor of a topological spin liquid of quantum dimension 2, with strong evidence for a gapped topological Z(2) spin liquid.
We study the energy and the static spin structure factor of the ground state of the spin-1/2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model on the kagome lattice. By the iterative application of a few Lanczos steps on accurate projected fermionic wave functions and the Green's function Monte Carlo technique, we find that a gapless (algebraic) U(1) Dirac spin liquid is competitive with previously proposed gapped (topological) Z2 spin liquids. By performing a finite-size extrapolation of the ground-state energy, we obtain an energy per site $E/J=\ensuremath{-}0.4365(2)$, which is equal, within three error bars, to the estimates given by the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG). Our estimate is obtained for a translationally invariant system, and, therefore, does not suffer from boundary effects, like in DMRG. Moreover, on finite toric clusters at the pure variational level, our energies are lower compared to those from DMRG calculations.
The S=1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnet is one of interesting frustrated quantum spin systems. The system is supposed to exhibit the quantum spin liquid in the ground state, which was proposed as a possible origin of the high-temprature superconductivity. The spin gap is an important physical quantity to characterize the spin liquid behavior. Whether the S=1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnet is gapless or has a finite spin gap, is still an unsolved issue. Because any recently developped numerical calculation methods are not enough to determine it in the thermodynamic limit. Our large-scale numerical diazonalization up to 42-spin clusters and a finite-size scaling analysis indicated that the S=1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnet is gapless in the thremodynamic limit[1]. It is consistent with the U(1) Dirac spin liquid theory of the kagome-lattice antiferromagnet[2,3]. On the other hand, some density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations supported the gapped Z2 topological spin liquid theory[4,5]. Our recent numerical diagonalization analysis on the magnetization process of a distorted kagome-lattice antiferromagnet indicated that the perfect kagome-lattice system is just on a quantum critical point[6]. It would be a possible reason why it is difficult to determine whether the perfect kagome-lattice antiferromagnet is gapless or gapped. In the present study, a field derivative analysis is applied for the spin gap issue of the kagome-lattice antiferromanget, using the numerical diagonalization data up to 42-spin clusters. It is consistent with our previous conclusion that it is gapless[7]. [1]H. Nakano and T. Sakai: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) 053704. [2]Y. Ran, M. Hermele, P. A. Lee and X. -G. Wen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 117205. [3]Y. Iqbal, F. Becca, S. Sorella and D. Poilblanc: Phys. Rev. B 87 (2013) 060405(R). [4]S. Yan, D. A. Huse and S. R. White: Science 332 (2011) 1173. [5]S. Nishimoto, N. Shibata and C. Hotta: Nat. Commun. 4 (2013) 2287. [6]H. Nakano and T. Sakai: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83 (2014) 104710. [7]H. Nakano and T. Sakai: in preparation.
We perform an extensive density-matrix renormalization-group study of the ground-state phase diagram of the spin-$1/2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice. We focus on the region of the phase diagram around the kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet, i.e., at J2=0. We investigate the static spin structure factor, the magnetic correlation lengths, and the spin gaps. Our results are consistent with the absence of magnetic order in a narrow region around ${J}_{2}\ensuremath{\approx}0$, although strong finite-size effects do not allow us to accurately determine the phase boundaries. This result is in agreement with the presence of an extended spin-liquid region, as it has been proposed recently. Outside the disordered region, we find that for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic J2, the ground state displays signatures of the magnetic order of the $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ and the q=0 type, respectively. Finally, we focus on the structure of the entanglement spectrum (ES) in the q=0 ordered phase. We discuss the importance of the choice of the bipartition on the finite-size structure of the ES.