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arXiv:0804.0367 · Physical Review A

Anomalous quantum reflection as a quasidynamical damping effect

Alexander Jurisch, Jan Michael Rost

Published Apr 13, 2010• 4 citations
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Abstract

We develop a quasianalytical theory for the quantum reflection amplitude of Bose-Einstein condensates. We derive and calculate the decay width of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). A general relation between the time-dependent decay law of the system and its quantum reflection amplitude allows us to explain the quantum reflection anomaly of Bose-Einstein condensates present in BEC-surface systems as a direct consequence of the repulsive particle interaction.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.043610

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We develop a quasianalytical theory for the quantum reflection amplitude of Bose-Einstein condensates. We derive and calculate the decay width of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). A general relation between the time-dependent decay law of the system and its quantum reflection amplitude allows us to explain the quantum reflection anomaly of Bose-Einstein condensates present in BEC-surface systems as a direct consequence of the repulsive particle interaction.
We investigate the effect of interatomic interactions on the quantum-mechanical reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates from regions of rapid potential variation. The reflection process depends critically on the density and incident velocity of the condensate. For low densities and high velocities, the atom cloud has almost the same form before and after reflection. Conversely, at high densities and low velocities, the reflection process generates solitons and vortex rings that fragment the condensate. We show that this fragmentation can explain the anomalously low reflection probabilities recently measured for low-velocity condensates incident on a silicon surface.
We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive Bose—Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hartree—Fock—Bogoliubov approximation. We put forward a new method to calculate the Landau damping rate of the collective mode in the condensate and discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature, on transverse trapping frequency, on atom number in the condensate, and on length of the system. Different from the usual calculation method for the three dimension system, our new calculation method is an interactive one by considering the practical relaxation of the elementary excitation. With little approximation, our theoretical calculation results agree with the experimental ones. Comparing with the usual calculation method, our theory is helpful to deduce the inter-particle interactions in damping phenomenon.
We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-two-dimension repulsive Bose—Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hatree—Fock—Bogoliubov approximation and a complete and orthogonal eigenfunction set for the elementary excitation of the system. We calculate the three-mode coupling matrix element between the collective mode and the thermal excited quasi-particles and the Landau damping rate of the collective mode. We discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature, on atom number in the condensate, on transverse trapping frequency and on the length of the condensate. The energy width of the collective mode is taken into account in our calculation. With little approximation, our theoretic calculation results agree well with the experimental ones and are helpful for deducing the damping mechanics and the inter-particle interaction.