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arXiv:0804.0287

Concept of momentum-less bodies and a suggestion for its experimental verification using ultra-cold atoms

Sanjay Moreshwar Wagh

Published Apr 2, 2008• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

General Principle of Relativity unequivocally supports the notion of momentum-less energy for bodies (energy-quanta) moving at the {\em same} or {\em constant} speed relative to all the reference systems. In this communication, we point out that whether energy-quantum is a momentum-less body or not is verifiable using ultra-cold atoms trapped in an optical lattice, perhaps with some minor modifications to the existing such experimental setups.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0804.0287

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General Principle of Relativity unequivocally supports the notion of momentum-less energy for bodies (energy-quanta) moving at the {\em same} or {\em constant} speed relative to all the reference systems. In this communication, we point out that whether energy-quantum is a momentum-less body or not is verifiable using ultra-cold atoms trapped in an optical lattice, perhaps with some minor modifications to the existing such experimental setups.
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We show theoretically that the dynamics of cold atoms in the lowest-energy band of a stationary optical lattice can be transformed and controlled by a second, weaker, periodic potential moving at a constant speed along the axis of the stationary lattice. The atom trajectories exhibit complex behavior, which depends sensitively on the amplitude and speed of the propagating lattice. When the speed and amplitude of the moving potential are low, the atoms are dragged through the static lattice and perform drifting orbits with frequencies an order of magnitude higher than that corresponding to the moving potential. Increasing either the speed or amplitude of the moving lattice induces Bloch-like oscillations within the energy band of the static lattice, which exhibit complex resonances at critical values of the system parameters. In some cases, a very small change in these parameters can reverse the atom's direction of motion. In order to understand these dynamics we present an analytical model, which describes the key features of the atom transport and also accurately predicts the positions of the resonant features in the atom's phase space. The abrupt controllable transitions between dynamical regimes, as well as the associated set of resonances, provide a mechanism for transporting atoms between precise locations in a lattice, as required for using cold atoms to simulate condensed matter or as a stepping stone to quantum information processing. The system also provides a direct quantum simulator of acoustic waves propagating through semiconductor nanostructures in sound analogs of the optical laser (saser).
The typically tiny effect of radiation damping on a moving body can be amplified to a favorable extent by exploiting the sharp reflectivity slope at one edge of an optically induced stop-band in atoms loaded into an optical lattice. In this paper, this phenomenon is demonstrated for the periodically trapped and coherently driven cold 87Rb atoms, where radiation damping might be much larger than that anticipated in previous proposals and become comparable with radiation pressure. Such an enhancement could be observed even at speeds of only a few meters per second with less than 1.0% absorption, making radiation damping experimentally accessible. Subjecting an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms to a particular combination of optical beams should enable the study of ‘radiation damping’, a typically minuscule velocity-dependent effect that a light source exerts on a moving body. This is the finding of a theoretical study performed by Jin-Hui Wu at Jilin University, China, in cooperation with researchers from the university of Exeter (UK), the Lens Laboratory and Scuola Normale Superiore (IT). Their proposal is based on exploiting reflections at the boundary between allowed and forbidden frequency bands in the photonic crystal made by periodically distributed cold atoms. This approach should provide a way of amplifying radiation damping to a level suitable for experimental study, making it useful for manipulating cold atoms and potentially other material systems.