Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0803.4299 · New Journal of Physics

Nested topological order

Héctor Bombín, Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

Published Dec 1, 2011• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We introduce the concept of nested topological order in a class of exact quantum lattice Hamiltonian models with non-Abelian discrete gauge symmetry. The topological order present in the models can be partially destroyed by introducing a gauge symmetry reduction mechanism. When symmetry is reduced in several islands only, this imposes boundary conditions on the rest of the system, giving rise to topological ground-state degeneracy. This degeneracy is related to the existence of topological fluxes in between islands or, alternatively, hidden charges at islands. Additionally, island deformations give rise to extension of topological quantum computation beyond quasiparticles.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/13/12/125001

Related papers

Topological order in three-dimensional systems and 2-gauge symmetry

Ricardo Costa de Almeida

Topological order is a new paradigm for quantum phases of matter developed to explain phase transitions which do not fit the symmetry breaking scheme for classifying phases of matter. They are characterized by patterns of entanglement that lead to topologically depended ground state degeneracy and anyonic excitations. One common approach for studying such phases in two-dimensional systems is through exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian models such as quantum double models and String-Net models. The former can be understood as the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories and, as such, it is defined by a finite gauge group. However, not much is known about topological phases in tridimensional systems. Motivated by this we develop a new class of three-dimensional exactly solvable models which go beyond quantum double models by using finite crossed modules instead of gauge groups. This approach relies on a lattice implementation of 2-gauge theory to obtain models with a richer topological structure. We construct the Hamiltonian model explicitly and provide a rigorous proof that the ground state degeneracy is a topological invariant and that the ground states can only be characterized with nonlocal order parameters.

•Dec 5, 2017•1 citation

Family of non-Abelian Kitaev models on a lattice: Topological condensation and confinement

Héctor Bombín, Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

We study a family of non-Abelian topological models in a lattice that arise by modifying the Kitaev model through the introduction of single-qudit terms. The effect of these terms amounts to a reduction in the discrete gauge symmetry with respect to the original systems, which corresponds to a generalized mechanism of explicit symmetry breaking. The topological order is either partially lost or completely destroyed throughout the various models. The systems display condensation and confinement of the topological charges present in the standard non-Abelian Kitaev models, which we study in terms of ribbon operator algebras.

arXiv:0712.0190•Physical Review B•Sep 22, 2008•203 citations

Ordem topológica em sistemas tridimensionais e simetria de 2-gauge

Ricardo Laguardia Justen de Almeida

Topological order is a new paradigm for quantum phases of matter developed to explain phase transitions which do not fit the symmetry breaking scheme for classifying phases of matter. They are characterized by patterns of entanglement that lead to topologically depended ground state degeneracy and anyonic excitations. One common approach for studying such phases in two-dimensional systems is through exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian models such as quantum double models and String-Net models. The former can be understood as the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories and, as such, it is defined by a finite gauge group. However, not much is known about topological phases in tridimensional systems. Motivated by this we develop a new class of three-dimensional exactly solvable models which go beyond quantum double models by using finite crossed modules instead of gauge groups. This approach relies on a lattice implementation of 2-gauge theory to obtain models with a richer topological structure. We construct the Hamiltonian model explicitly and provide a rigorous proof that the ground state degeneracy is a topological invariant and that the ground states can only be characterized with nonlocal order parameters.

•Nov 10, 2017•0 citations

Cyclic Abelian Quantum Double Models coupled with matter: remarks about the presence of non-Abelian fusion rules, and algebraic and topological orders

M. F. Araujo de Resende, J. P. Ibieta Jimenez, J. Lorca Espiro

We evaluate one generalisation of a class of discrete bidimensional models, the so called Quantum Double Models, by introduce matter fields to the vertices of the lattice that supports these models. Beside the basic model properties, we studied its topological order behaviour under the hypothesis that the basic states be indexed by cyclic Abelian groups. In this generalisation, appears a new phenomenon of quasiparticle confinement due to the action of the gauge group. As a consequence, the ground state degeneracy becomes independent of the fundamental group of the manifold on which the model is defined, depending on this action and on the second group of homology. Another feature of this generalisation is the presence of the quasiparticles with non-Abelian fusion rules. These latter quasiparticles are always required so that this lattice system can be excited and return to any of its vacuum states.

•Aug 8, 2018•1 citation

Quantum Double Models coupled with matter: remarks on non-Abelian fusion rules, and algebraic and topological orders by using cyclic Abelian groups

M. F. Araujo de Resende, J. P. Ibieta Jimenez, J. Lorca Espiro

In this work, we evaluate one generalization of a class of discrete two-dimensional models, the so-called Quantum Double Models, by introduce matter fields to the vertices of the lattice that supports these models. Beside the basic model properties, we studied its topological order behaviour under the hypothesis that the basic states be indexed by cyclic Abelian groups. In this generalization, appears a new phenomenon of quasiparticle confinement due to the action of the gauge group. As a consequence, the ground state degeneracy becomes independent of the fundamental group of the manifold on which the model is defined, depending on this algebraic action and on the second group of homology. Another feature of this generalization is the presence of the quasiparticles with non-Abelian fusion rules. These latter quasiparticles are always required so that this lattice system can be excited and return to any of its vacuum states.

•Aug 8, 2018•1 citation

Symmetries, dimensional reduction, and topological quantum order

Zohar Nussinov, Gerardo Ortíz

We prove sufficient conditions for Topological Quantum Order at zero and finite temperatures. The crux of the proof hinges on the existence of low-dimensional Gauge-Like Symmetries, thus providing a unifying framework based on a symmetry principle. All known examples of Topological Quantum Order display Gauge-Like Symmetries. Other systems exhibiting such symmetries include Hamiltonians depicting orbital-dependent spin exchange and Jahn-Teller effects in transition metal orbital compounds, short-range frustrated Klein spin models, and p+ip superconducting arrays. We analyze the physical consequences of Gauge-Like Symmetries (including topological terms and charges) and, most importantly, show the insufficiency of the energy spectrum, (recently defined) entanglement entropy, maximal string correlators, and fractionalization in establishing Topological Quantum Order. Duality mappings illustrate that not withstanding the existence of spectral gaps, thermal fluctuations may impose restrictions on suggested topological quantum computing schemes. Our results allow us to go beyond standard topological field theories and engineer new systems with Topological Quantum Order.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jan 7, 2009•0 citations
We introduce the concept of nested topological order in a class of exact quantum lattice Hamiltonian models with non-Abelian discrete gauge symmetry. The topological order present in the models can be partially destroyed by introducing a gauge symmetry reduction mechanism. When symmetry is reduced in several islands only, this imposes boundary conditions on the rest of the system, giving rise to topological ground-state degeneracy. This degeneracy is related to the existence of topological fluxes in between islands or, alternatively, hidden charges at islands. Additionally, island deformations give rise to extension of topological quantum computation beyond quasiparticles.
Topological order is a new paradigm for quantum phases of matter developed to explain phase transitions which do not fit the symmetry breaking scheme for classifying phases of matter. They are characterized by patterns of entanglement that lead to topologically depended ground state degeneracy and anyonic excitations. One common approach for studying such phases in two-dimensional systems is through exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian models such as quantum double models and String-Net models. The former can be understood as the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories and, as such, it is defined by a finite gauge group. However, not much is known about topological phases in tridimensional systems. Motivated by this we develop a new class of three-dimensional exactly solvable models which go beyond quantum double models by using finite crossed modules instead of gauge groups. This approach relies on a lattice implementation of 2-gauge theory to obtain models with a richer topological structure. We construct the Hamiltonian model explicitly and provide a rigorous proof that the ground state degeneracy is a topological invariant and that the ground states can only be characterized with nonlocal order parameters.
We study a family of non-Abelian topological models in a lattice that arise by modifying the Kitaev model through the introduction of single-qudit terms. The effect of these terms amounts to a reduction in the discrete gauge symmetry with respect to the original systems, which corresponds to a generalized mechanism of explicit symmetry breaking. The topological order is either partially lost or completely destroyed throughout the various models. The systems display condensation and confinement of the topological charges present in the standard non-Abelian Kitaev models, which we study in terms of ribbon operator algebras.
Topological order is a new paradigm for quantum phases of matter developed to explain phase transitions which do not fit the symmetry breaking scheme for classifying phases of matter. They are characterized by patterns of entanglement that lead to topologically depended ground state degeneracy and anyonic excitations. One common approach for studying such phases in two-dimensional systems is through exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian models such as quantum double models and String-Net models. The former can be understood as the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories and, as such, it is defined by a finite gauge group. However, not much is known about topological phases in tridimensional systems. Motivated by this we develop a new class of three-dimensional exactly solvable models which go beyond quantum double models by using finite crossed modules instead of gauge groups. This approach relies on a lattice implementation of 2-gauge theory to obtain models with a richer topological structure. We construct the Hamiltonian model explicitly and provide a rigorous proof that the ground state degeneracy is a topological invariant and that the ground states can only be characterized with nonlocal order parameters.
We evaluate one generalisation of a class of discrete bidimensional models, the so called Quantum Double Models, by introduce matter fields to the vertices of the lattice that supports these models. Beside the basic model properties, we studied its topological order behaviour under the hypothesis that the basic states be indexed by cyclic Abelian groups. In this generalisation, appears a new phenomenon of quasiparticle confinement due to the action of the gauge group. As a consequence, the ground state degeneracy becomes independent of the fundamental group of the manifold on which the model is defined, depending on this action and on the second group of homology. Another feature of this generalisation is the presence of the quasiparticles with non-Abelian fusion rules. These latter quasiparticles are always required so that this lattice system can be excited and return to any of its vacuum states.
In this work, we evaluate one generalization of a class of discrete two-dimensional models, the so-called Quantum Double Models, by introduce matter fields to the vertices of the lattice that supports these models. Beside the basic model properties, we studied its topological order behaviour under the hypothesis that the basic states be indexed by cyclic Abelian groups. In this generalization, appears a new phenomenon of quasiparticle confinement due to the action of the gauge group. As a consequence, the ground state degeneracy becomes independent of the fundamental group of the manifold on which the model is defined, depending on this algebraic action and on the second group of homology. Another feature of this generalization is the presence of the quasiparticles with non-Abelian fusion rules. These latter quasiparticles are always required so that this lattice system can be excited and return to any of its vacuum states.
We prove sufficient conditions for Topological Quantum Order at zero and finite temperatures. The crux of the proof hinges on the existence of low-dimensional Gauge-Like Symmetries, thus providing a unifying framework based on a symmetry principle. All known examples of Topological Quantum Order display Gauge-Like Symmetries. Other systems exhibiting such symmetries include Hamiltonians depicting orbital-dependent spin exchange and Jahn-Teller effects in transition metal orbital compounds, short-range frustrated Klein spin models, and p+ip superconducting arrays. We analyze the physical consequences of Gauge-Like Symmetries (including topological terms and charges) and, most importantly, show the insufficiency of the energy spectrum, (recently defined) entanglement entropy, maximal string correlators, and fractionalization in establishing Topological Quantum Order. Duality mappings illustrate that not withstanding the existence of spectral gaps, thermal fluctuations may impose restrictions on suggested topological quantum computing schemes. Our results allow us to go beyond standard topological field theories and engineer new systems with Topological Quantum Order.