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arXiv:0803.4010

Lorentz violating effects on a quantized two-level system

Manoel M. Ferreira, Adalto R. Gomes

Published Mar 27, 2008• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, we consider the effects of the Lorentz-violating (LV) term $ v_μ\barψγ^μψ$ belonging to the fermion sector of the extended standard model on the dynamics of a quantum two-level system. We examine how its non-relativistic counterpart, ${(\mathbf{p}-e \mathbf{A})\cdot }\mathbf{v}/{m_{e},}$ affects the Rabi oscillations of a two-level atom coupled with a quantum cavity electromagnetic field. Taking an initial coherent field state in a resonant cavity, it was found that the LV background increases the Rabi frequency and the time interval between collapses and revivals of the population inversion function. It was found that initial field states with low mean number of photons are better probes in order to establish more stringent upper bounds on the background magnitude. In particular, for an initial vacuum state in the cavity the upper limit $\text{v}_{x}<10^{-10}eV$ was attained.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0803.4010

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In this work, we consider the effects of the Lorentz-violating (LV) term vμψˉγμψ v_μ\barψγ^μψvμ​ψˉ​γμψ belonging to the fermion sector of the extended standard model on the dynamics of a quantum two-level system. We examine how its non-relativistic counterpart, (p−eA)⋅v/me,{(\mathbf{p}-e \mathbf{A})\cdot }\mathbf{v}/{m_{e},}(p−eA)⋅v/me​, affects the Rabi oscillations of a two-level atom coupled with a quantum cavity electromagnetic field. Taking an initial coherent field state in a resonant cavity, it was found that the LV background increases the Rabi frequency and the time interval between collapses and revivals of the population inversion function. It was found that initial field states with low mean number of photons are better probes in order to establish more stringent upper bounds on the background magnitude. In particular, for an initial vacuum state in the cavity the upper limit vx<10−10eV\text{v}_{x}<10^{-10}eVvx​<10−10eV was attained.
The dynamics of a degenerate two-mode electromagnetic field coupled to a single two-level atom is investigated both analytically and numerically. New quantum effects are discussed concerning the time dependence of the photon number and of its fluctuations, assuming that at t = 0 one of the modes is coherent and the other is empty. The field dynamics are dominated by oscillatory net exchanges of a large number of photons between the two modes, displaying amplitude decay. Over a longer time scale, revivals and collapses in the field populations take place. The time scales of these phenomena are much larger than those of the atomic Rabi oscillations decay. Moreover, the system attains a highly non-classical regime in which the field intensity in each mode is subjected to strong fluctuations even for a large initial number of photons in the coherent mode. Various correlations between atomic and field dynamics are pointed out, and the physical origin of the new quantum effects is briefly discussed. Finally, using our fully quantized calculations, we comment on the validity of the atomic homodyne detection proposed by Wilkens and Meystre.
The Jaynes-Cummings model provides a useful means of studying several quantum electrodynamic effects in matter-radiation interaction. One such effect is the phenomenon of collapses and revivals of Rabi oscillations. Various aspects of this phenomenon are studied in terms of the dynamical evolution of the atom as well as the statistical properties of the field. In particular, the sensitivity of collapses and revivals on the initial photon statistics, the cavity field damping mechanism is highlighted. For this purpose the basic model of Jaynes and Cummings has been extended and modified. Some multiatom effects are also discussed.
The effects of the cavity damping on the phenomenon of collapse and revival in the population inversion of an atom in a two-photon process are investigated by using the dressed-atom approximation. Explicit results are given for a field initially in either a coherent or a two-photon coherent state. The cavity damping is expected to have more significant effects on two-photon transitions because the vacuum-field Rabi frequency for two-photon transitions is smaller than that for single-photon transitions.
In this paper we study the dynamics of a three-level atom interacting with a two-mode squeezed vacuum, a highly correlated state in which each mode contains the same number of quanta yet exhibits a thermal photon distribution. Under exact resonance, the Rabi oscillations exhibit an irregular behavior reminiscent of those in the thermal-state Jaynes-Cummings model. If the individual field modes are sufficiently detuned from the intermediate atomic level, the Rabi oscillations become quasiperiodic. The three-level system in this case reduces to an effective two-level system in which two-photon processes dominate. The times of revivals of the Rabi oscillations in this limit depend only on the atom-field coupling constants and the detuning. For comparison, we present a parallel study of the case in which the initial field is prepared in an uncorrelated two-mode state, such as a two-mode thermal state or a two-mode coherent state. Under the full resonance condition, the former leads to an irregular evolution of the Rabi oscillations, while the latter leads to the usual collapse and revival phenomena. If the individual modes are sufficiently detuned from the intermediate atomic level, we observe the same quasiperiodicity of the Rabi oscillations as in the case of the two-mode squeezed vacuum but with a doubling of revival times (for equal atom-field coupling constants). Whereas the two-mode squeezed vacuum and the two-mode thermal-state transition dynamics lead to correlation between the field modes, the two-mode coherent state leads to anticorrelation (when sufficiently detuned from the intermediate atomic level).
he effect of the counter-rotating terms in the Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated with an extended coherent-state approach. The counter-rotating terms greatly modify the vacuum Rabi splitting. Two peaks with different heights in the weak coupling regime and more than two peaks in the intermediate coupling regime are predicted. The collapses and revivals in the evolution of the atomic population inversion disappear in the intermediate coupling regime, but reappear in the strong coupling regime. This reappearance is similar to that under the rotating-wave approximation, attributed to the summation of periodic cosine functions of the evolution.
Controlling the time evolution of the population of two states in cavity quantum electrodynamics is necessary by tuning the modified Rabi frequency in which the extra classical effect of electromagnetic field is taken into account. The theoretical explanation underlying the perturbation of potential on spatial regime of bloch sphere is by the use of Bagrov–Baldiotti–Gitman–Shamshutdinova–Darboux transformations [Bagrov et al., “Darboux transformation for two-level system,” Ann. Phys. 14, 390 (2005)] on the electromagnetic field potential in one-dimensional stationary Dirac model in which the Pauli matrices are the central parameters for controlling the collapse and revival of the Rabi oscillations. It is shown that by choosing σ1 in the transformation generates the parabolic potential causing the total collapse of oscillations, while {σ2,σ3} yield the harmonic oscillator potentials ensuring the coherence of qubits.