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arXiv:0803.2723 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Metastability Driven by Soft Quantum Fluctuation Modes

Marco Zoli

Published Feb 13, 2008• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10909-008-9795-5

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We present evidence of metastable rare quantum-fluctuation switching for the driven dissipative Jaynes-Cummings oscillator coupled to a zero-temperature bath in the strongly dispersive regime. We show that single-atom complex amplitude bistability is accompanied by the appearance of a low-amplitude long-lived transient state, hereinafter called `dark state', having a distribution with quasi-Poissonian statistics both for the coupled qubit and cavity mode. We find that the dark state is linked to a spontaneous flipping of the qubit state, detuning the cavity to a low-photon response. The appearance of the dark state is correlated with the participation of the two metastable states in the dispersive bistability, as evidenced by the solution of the Master Equation and single quantum trajectories.
We study the mean-field theory, and the properties of fluctuations, in an out of equilibrium Bose-Fermi system, across the transition to a quantum condensed phase. The system is driven out of equilibrium by coupling to multiple baths, which are not in equilibrium with each other, and thus drive a flux of particles through the system. We derive the self-consistency condition for a uniform condensed steady state. This condition can be compared both to the laser rate equation and to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation of an equilibrium condensate. We study fluctuations about the steady state and discuss how the multiple baths interact to set the system's distribution function. In the condensed system, there is a soft phase (Bogoliubov, Goldstone) mode, diffusive at small momenta due to the presence of pump and decay, and we discuss how one may determine the field-field correlation functions properly including such soft phase modes. In the infinite system, the correlation functions differ both from the laser and from an equilibrium condensate; we discuss how in a finite system, the laser limit may be recovered.