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arXiv:0802.2414 · Physical Review A

Classical enhancement of quantum-error-correcting codes

Isaac Kremsky, Min-Hsiu Hsieh, Todd A. Brun

Published Jul 21, 2008• 36 citations
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Abstract

We present a general formalism for quantum-error-correcting codes that encode both classical and quantum information (the EACQ formalism). This formalism unifies the entanglement-assisted coding theory and the classical coding theory in the sense that, after the encoding, error-correcting, and decoding steps, the encoded quantum and classical information can be correctly recovered by the receiver. We formally define this kind of quantum codes using stabilizer language, and derive the appropriate error-correcting conditions. We give several examples to demonstrate the construction of such codes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.012341

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We present a general formalism for quantum-error-correcting codes that encode both classical and quantum information (the EACQ formalism). This formalism unifies the entanglement-assisted coding theory and the classical coding theory in the sense that, after the encoding, error-correcting, and decoding steps, the encoded quantum and classical information can be correctly recovered by the receiver. We formally define this kind of quantum codes using stabilizer language, and derive the appropriate error-correcting conditions. We give several examples to demonstrate the construction of such codes.
Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) make use of preexisting entanglement between the sender and receiver to boost the rate of transmission. It is possible to construct an EAQECC from any classical linear code, unlike standard QECCs, which can only be constructed from dual-containing codes. Operator quantum error-correcting codes allow certain errors to be corrected (or prevented) passively, reducing the complexity of the correction procedure. We combine these two extensions of standard quantum error correction into a unified entanglement-assisted quantum error-correction formalism. This new scheme, which we call entanglement-assisted operator quantum error correction (EAOQEC), is the most general and powerful quantum error-correcting technique known, retaining the advantages of both entanglement-assistance and passive correction. We present the formalism, show the considerable freedom in constructing EAOQECCs from classical codes, and demonstrate the construction with examples.
We introduce a framework for entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes that unifies the three original frameworks for such codes called EAQEC, EAOQEC, and EACQ under a single umbrella. The unification is arrived at by viewing entanglement-assisted codes from the operator algebra quantum error correction perspective, and it is built upon a recently established extension of the stabilizer formalism to that setting. We denote the framework by EAOAQEC, and we prove a general error correction theorem for such codes, derived from the algebraic perspective, that generalizes each of the earlier results. This leads us to a natural notion of distance for such codes, and we derive a number of distance results for subclasses of the codes. We show how EACQ codes form a proper subclass of the entanglement-assisted subspace codes defined by EAOAQEC. We identify and construct new classes of entanglement-assisted subsystem codes and entanglement-assisted hybrid classical-quantum codes that are found outside of the earlier approaches.
Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) make use of pre-existing entanglement between the sender and receiver to boost the rate of transmission. It is possible to construct an EAQECC from any classical linear code, unlike standard QECCs which can only be constructed from dual-containing codes. Operator quantum error-correcting codes (OQECCs) allow certain errors to be corrected (or prevented) passively, reducing the complexity of the correction procedure. We combine these two extensions of standard quantum error correction into a unified entanglement- assisted quantum error correction formalism. This new scheme, which we call entanglement-assisted operator quantum error correction (EAOQEC), is the most general and powerful quantum error-correcting technique known, retaining the advantages of both entanglement-assistance and passive correction. We present the formalism, show the considerable freedom in constructing EAOQECCs from classical codes, and demonstrate the construction with examples.
In this paper, we introduce a unified framework to construct entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes, including additive and nonadditive codes, based on the codeword stabilized framework on subsystems. The codeword stabilized (CWS) framework is a scheme to construct quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) including both additive and nonadditive codes, and gives a method to construct a QECC from a classical error-correcting code in standard form. Entangled pairs of qubits (ebits) can be used to improve capacity of quantum error correction. In addition, it gives a method to overcome the dual-containing constraint. Operator quantum error correction (OQEC) gives a general framework to construct quantum error-correcting codes. We construct OQEC codes with ebits based on the CWS framework. This new scheme, entanglement-assisted operator codeword stabilized (EAOCWS) quantum codes, is the most general framework we know of to construct both additive and nonadditive codes from classical error-correcting codes. We describe the formalism of our scheme, demonstrate the construction with examples, and give several EAOCWS codes.
Via explicit examples we show that the pre-existing entanglement can really enhance (not only behave as an assistance for) the efficiency of the quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) in a single block of encoding or decoding as well as help in beating the quantum Hamming bound. A systematic approach to constructing entanglement-assisted (or enhanced) quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) via graph states is also presented, and an infinite family of entanglement-enhanced codes has been constructed. Furthermore we generalize the EAQECCs to the case of not-so-perfectly protected qubit and introduce the quantity infidelity as a figure of merit and show that the EAQECCs also outperform the ordinary QECCs.
We develop the theory of entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting (EAQEC) codes, a generalization of the stabilizer formalism to the setting in which the sender and receiver have access to preshared entanglement. Conventional stabilizer codes are equivalent to self-orthogonal symplectic codes. In contrast, EAQEC codes do not require self-orthogonality, which greatly simplifies their construction. We show how any classical binary or quaternary block code can be made into an EAQEC code. We provide a table of best known EAQEC codes with code length up to 10. With the self-orthogonality constraint removed, we see that the distance of an EAQEC code can be better than any standard quantum error-correcting code with the same fixed net yield. In a quantum computation setting, EAQEC codes give rise to catalytic quantum codes, which assume a subset of the qubits are noiseless. We also give an alternative construction of EAQEC codes by making classical entanglement-assisted codes coherent.