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arXiv:0802.1913 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

One-particle density matrix and momentum distribution function of one-dimensional anyon gases

Raoul Santachiara, Pasquale Calabrese

Published Jun 5, 2008• 53 citations
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Abstract

We present a systematic study of the Green functions of a one-dimensional gas of impenetrable anyons. We show that the one-particle density matrix is the determinant of a Toeplitz matrix whose large N asymptotic is given by the Fisher–Hartwig conjecture. We provide a careful numerical analysis of this determinant for general values of the anyonic parameter, showing in full details the crossover between bosons and fermions and the reorganization of the singularities of the momentum distribution function. We show that the one-particle density matrix satisfies a Painlevé VI differential equation that is then used to derive the small distance and large momentum expansions. We find that the first non-vanishing term in this expansion is always k −4 , that is proved to be true for all couplings in the Lieb–Liniger anyonic gas and that can be traced back to the presence of a delta function interaction in the Hamiltonian.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2008/06/p06005

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We present a systematic study of the Green functions of a one-dimensional gas of impenetrable anyons. We show that the one-particle density matrix is the determinant of a Toeplitz matrix whose large N asymptotic is given by the Fisher–Hartwig conjecture. We provide a careful numerical analysis of this determinant for general values of the anyonic parameter, showing in full details the crossover between bosons and fermions and the reorganization of the singularities of the momentum distribution function. We show that the one-particle density matrix satisfies a Painlevé VI differential equation that is then used to derive the small distance and large momentum expansions. We find that the first non-vanishing term in this expansion is always k −4 , that is proved to be true for all couplings in the Lieb–Liniger anyonic gas and that can be traced back to the presence of a delta function interaction in the Hamiltonian.
Abstract We provide a thorough characterisation of the zero-temperature one-particle density matrix of trapped interacting anyonic gases in one dimension, exploiting recent advances in the field theory description of spatially inhomogeneous quantum systems. We first revisit homogeneous anyonic gases with point-wise interactions. In the harmonic Luttinger liquid expansion of the one-particle density matrix for finite interaction strength, the non-universal field amplitudes were not yet known. We extract them from the Bethe Ansatz formula for the field form factors, providing an exact asymptotic expansion of this correlation function, thus extending the available results in the Tonks–Girardeau limit. Next, we analyse trapped gases with non-trivial density profiles. By applying recent analytic and numerical techniques for inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids, we provide exact expansions for the one-particle density matrix. We present our results for different confining potentials, highlighting the main differences with respect to bosonic gases.
This work presents the derivation of the large time and distance asymptotic behavior of the field-field correlation functions of impenetrable one-dimensional anyons at finite temperature. In the appropriate limits of the statistics parameter, we recover the well-known results for impenetrable bosons and free fermions. In the low-temperature (usually expected to be the "conformal") limit, and for all values of the statistics parameter away from the bosonic point, the leading term in the correlator does not agree with the prediction of the conformal field theory, and is determined by the singularity of the density of the single-particle states at the bottom of the single-particle energy spectrum.
We study the spectrum of the Toeplitz matrix with a sine kernel, which corresponds to the single-particle reduced density matrix for free fermions on the one-dimensional lattice. For the spectral determinant of this matrix, a Fisher--Hartwig expansion in the inverse matrix size has been recently conjectured. This expansion can be verified order by order, away from the line of accumulation of zeros, using the recurrence relation known from the theory of discrete Painleve equations. We perform such a verification to the tenth order and calculate the corresponding coefficients in the Fisher-Hartwig expansion. Under the assumption of the validity of the Fisher-Hartwig expansion in the whole range of the spectral parameter, we further derive expansions for an equation on the eigenvalues of this matrix and for the von Neumann entanglement entropy in the corresponding fermion problem. These analytical results are supported by a numerical example.
We have investigated the properties of a model of 1D anyons interacting through a δ-function repulsive potential. The structure of the quasi-periodic boundary conditions for the anyonic field operators and the many-anyon wavefunctions is clarified. The spectrum of the low-lying excitations including the particle–hole excitations is calculated for periodic and twisted boundary conditions. Using the ideas of the conformal field theory we obtain the large-distance asymptotics of the density and field correlation function at the critical temperature T = 0 and at small finite temperatures. Our expression for the field correlation function extends the results in the literature obtained for harmonic quantum anyonic fluids.
We revisit the problem of finding the probability distribution of a fermionic number of one-dimensional spinless free fermions on a segment of a given length.The generating function for this probability distribution can be expressed as a determinant of a Toeplitz matrix.We use the recently proven generalized Fisher-Hartwig conjecture on the asymptotic behavior of such determinants to find the generating function for the full counting statistics of fermions on a line segment.Unlike the method of bosonization, the Fisher-Hartwig formula correctly takes into account the discreteness of charge.Furthermore, we numerically check the precision of the generalized Fisher-Hartwig formula, find that it has a higher precision than rigorously proven so far and conjecture the form of the next-order correction to the existing formula.
We have obtained an expansion of the reduced density matrices (or, equivalently, correlation functions of the fields) of impenetrable one-dimensional anyons in terms of the reduced density matrices of fermions using the mapping between anyon and fermion wavefunctions. This is the generalization to anyonic statistics of the result obtained by Lenard (1966 J. Math. Phys. 7 1268) for bosons. In the case of impenetrable but otherwise free anyons with statistics parameter κ, the anyonic reduced density matrices in the grand canonical ensemble are expressed as Fredholm minors of the integral operator with the complex statistics-dependent coefficient γ = (1 + e ±iπκ )/π. For κ = 0 we recover the bosonic case of Lenard γ = 2/π. Due to nonconservation of parity, the anyonic field correlators ⟨Ψ† A ( x ')Ψ A ( x )⟩ are different depending on the sign of x ' − x .