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arXiv:0801.0947 · Physical Review A

Scheme for tunable quantum phase gate and effective preparation of graph-state entanglement

Gongwei Lin, Xu‐Bo Zou, Ming-Yong Ye, Xiu‐Min Lin, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Mar 5, 2008• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A scheme is presented for realizing a quantum phase gate with three-level atoms, solid-state qubits---often called artificial atoms, or ions that share a quantum data bus such as a single-mode field in the cavity quantum electrodynamics system or a collective vibrational state of trapped ions. In this scheme, the conditional phase shift is tunable and controllable via the total effective interaction time. Furthermore, the method can be used to effectively prepare graph states, which are important resources for quantum computation, quantum error correction, studies of multiparticle entanglement, and fundamental tests of nonlocality and decoherence.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.032308

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A scheme is presented for realizing a quantum phase gate with three-level atoms, solid-state qubits---often called artificial atoms, or ions that share a quantum data bus such as a single-mode field in the cavity quantum electrodynamics system or a collective vibrational state of trapped ions. In this scheme, the conditional phase shift is tunable and controllable via the total effective interaction time. Furthermore, the method can be used to effectively prepare graph states, which are important resources for quantum computation, quantum error correction, studies of multiparticle entanglement, and fundamental tests of nonlocality and decoherence.
We propose a scheme for realizing quantum three-qubit phase gate operation, in a three-mode cavity where the large detuned cavity-mode fields interact with the four-level artificial atom of an rf-SQUID in tripod-type configuration. In this scheme, the two lowest levels of the artificial atom represent the two logical states of the target qubit and two cavity-mode states are the control qubits, while the third cavity-mode field serves the gate manipulation. Since only the metastable lower levels are involved in the gate operations, the gate is insensitive to the decay rates of the artificial atom, which makes this scheme advantageous and it is important in view of decoherence.
Schemes are presented for realizing quantum controlled phase gate and preparing an N -qubit W -like state, which are based on the large-detuned interaction among three-state atoms, dual-mode cavity and a classical pulse. In particular, a class of W states that can be used for perfect teleportation and superdense coding is generated by only one step. Compared with the previous schemes, cavity decay is largely suppressed because the cavity is only virtually excited and always in the vacuum state and the atomic spontaneous emission is strongly restrained due to a large atom—field detuning.
In this paper, based on the recent experiment by Roos et al. [Science 304, 1478 (2004)], a theoretical scheme is proposed to create the multipartite entanglement of many trapped ions and implement a two-qubit quantum phase gate between two ions in ion trap. In the scheme, the ion is illuminated by a single laser tuned to the first lower vibrational sideband. We also show that the scheme can be used to directly transfer information between two ions. The scheme has the advantage that it does not use the vibrational mode as the data bus and only requires a single resonant interaction. Thus the scheme is very simple and the quantum dynamics operation can be realized at a high speed. In view of the decoherence mechanism, the simplification for the entangled state preparation and experimental implementation of quantum logic operation may become crucial.
We propose a one-step scheme to implement a multiqubit controlled phase gate with one qubit simultaneously controlling multiple qubits with three-level atoms at distant nodes in coupled cavity arrays. Selective qubit-qubit couplings are achieved by adiabatically eliminating the atomic excited states and photonic states, and the required phase shifts between the control qubit and any target qubit can be realized through suitable choices of the parameters of the external fields. Moreover, the effective model is robust against decoherence because neither the atoms nor the field modes are excited during the gate operation, leading to a useful step toward scalable quantum computing networks.
We propose how to realize a multiqubit tunable phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling nnn qubits with four-level quantum systems in a cavity or coupled to a resonator. Each of the nnn two-qubit controlled-phase (cp) gates involved in this multiqubit phase gate has a shared control qubit but a different target qubit. In this proposal, the two lowest levels of each system represent the two logical states of a qubit while the two higher-energy intermediate levels are used for the gate implementation. The method presented here operates essentially by creating a single photon through the control qubit, which then induces a phase shift to the state of each target qubit. The phase shifts on each target qubit can be adjusted by changing the Rabi frequencies of the pulses applied to the target qubit systems. The operation time for the gate implementation is independent of the number of qubits, and neither adjustment of the qubit level spacings nor adjustment of the cavity mode frequency during the gate operation is required by this proposal. It is also noted that this approach can be applied to implement certain types of significant multiqubit phase gates (e.g., the multiqubit phase gate consisting of nnn two-qubit cp gates which are key elements in quantum Fourier transforms). A possible physical implementation of our approach is presented. Our proposal is quite general and can be applied to physical systems such as various types of superconducting devices coupled to a resonator and trapped atoms in a cavity.