Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0801.0592 · Physical Review B

Drude weight in systems with open boundary conditions

Marcos Rigol, B. Sriram Shastry

Published Apr 11, 2008• 48 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

For finite systems, the real part of the conductivity is usually decomposed as the sum of a zero frequency delta peak and a finite frequency regular part. In studies with periodic boundary conditions, the Drude weight, i.e., the weight of the zero frequency delta peak, is found to be nonzero for integrable systems, even at very high temperatures, whereas it vanishes for generic (nonintegrable) systems. Paradoxically, for systems with open boundary conditions, it can be shown that the coefficient of the zero frequency delta peak is identically zero for any finite system, regardless of its integrability. In order for the Drude weight to be a thermodynamically meaningful quantity, both kinds of boundary conditions should produce the same answer in the thermodynamic limit. We shed light on these issues by using analytical and numerical methods.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.77.161101

Related papers

Drude weights in one-dimensional systems with a single defect

Kazuaki Takasan, Masaki Oshikawa, Haruki Watanabe

Ballistic transport of a quantum system can be characterized by Drude weight, which quantifies the response of the system to a uniform electric field in the infinitely long timescale. The Drude weight is often discussed in terms of the Kohn formula, which gives the Drude weight by the derivative of the energy eigenvalue of a finite-size system with the periodic boundary condition in terms of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. Recently, the Kohn formula is generalized to nonlinear responses. However, the nonlinear Drude weight determined by the Kohn formula often diverges in the thermodynamic limit. In order to elucidate the issue, in this work we examine a simple example of a one-dimensional tight-binding model in the presence of a single defect at zero temperature. We find that its linear and nonlinear Drude weights given by the Kohn formula (i) depend on the Aharonov-Bohm flux and (ii) diverge proportionally to a power of the system size. We argue that the problem can be attributed to different order of limits. The Drude weight according to the Kohn formula (``Kohn-Drude weight'') indicates the response of a finite-size system to an adiabatic insertion of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. While it is a well-defined physical quantity for a finite-size system, its thermodynamic limit does not always describe the ballistic transport of the bulk. The latter should be rather characterized by a ``bulk Drude weight'' defined by taking the thermodynamic limit first before the zero-frequency limit. While the potential issue of the order of limits has been sometimes discussed within the linear response, the discrepancy between the two limits is amplified in nonlinear Drude weights. We demonstrate the importance of the low-energy excitations of $O(1/L)$, which are excluded from the Kohn-Drude weight, in regularizing the bulk Drude weight.

arXiv:2212.08711•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Feb 21, 2023•1 citation

Viscous Drude weight of dual Bose and Fermi gases in one dimension

Yusuke Nishida

We continue to study frequency-dependent complex bulk viscosities of one-dimensional Bose and Fermi gases with contact interactions, which exhibit the weak-strong duality according to our recent work. Here we show that they are contributed to by Drude peaks divergent at zero frequency as typical for transport coefficients of quantum integrable systems in one dimension. In particular, their Drude weights are evaluated based on the Kubo formula in the high-temperature limit at arbitrary coupling as well as in the weak-coupling and strong-coupling limits at arbitrary temperature, where systematic expansions in terms of small parameters are available. In all three limits, the Drude peaks are found at higher orders compared to the finite regular parts.

arXiv:2210.09712•Physical Review A•Dec 21, 2022•2 citations

Zero-frequency transport properties of one-dimensional spin- 12 systems

Fabian Heidrich‐Meisner, A. Honecker, D. C. Cabra +1 more

We report a detailed analysis of the Drude weights for both thermal and spin transport in one-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ systems by means of exact diagonalization and analytic approaches at finite temperatures. Transport properties are studied first for the integrable $\mathrm{XXZ}$ model and second for various nonintegrable systems such as the dimerized chain, the frustrated chain, and the spin ladder. We compare our results obtained by exact diagonalization and mean-field theory with those of the Bethe ansatz, bosonization, and other numerical studies in the case of the anisotropic Heisenberg model both in the gapless and gapped regime. In particular, we find indications that the Drude weight for spin transport is finite in the thermodynamic limit for the isotropic chain. For the nonintegrable models, a finite-size analysis of the numerical data for the Drude weights is presented, covering the entire parameter space of the dimerized and frustrated chain. We also discuss which conclusions can be drawn from bosonization regarding the question of whether the Drude weights are finite or not. One of our main results is that the Drude weights vanish in the thermodynamic limit for nonintegrable models.

arXiv:cond-mat/0304595•Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Oct 22, 2003•198 citations

Drude weight in systems with open boundary conditions

Gabriele Bellomia, Raffaele Resta

A many-electron conducting system undergoes free acceleration in response to a macroscopic field. The Drude weight $D$---also called charge stiffness---measures the adiabatic (inverse) inertia of the electrons; the $D$ formal expression requires periodic boundary conditions. When instead a bounded sample is addressed within open boundary conditions, no current flows and a constant (external) field only polarizes the sample: the Faraday cage effect. Nonetheless, a low-frequency field induces forced oscillations: We show here that the low-frequency linear response of the bounded system is dominated by the adiabatic inertia and allows an alternative evaluation of $D$. Simulations on model one-dimensional systems demonstrate our main message.

arXiv:2007.04143•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Nov 20, 2020•8 citations

Finite Temperature Drude Weight of the One-Dimensional Spin- 1/2 Heisenberg Model

X. Zotos

Using the Bethe ansatz method, the zero frequency contribution (Drude weight) to the spin current correlations is analyzed for the easy plane antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The Drude weight is a monotonically decreasing function of temperature for all $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}1$; it approaches the zero temperature value with a power law and appears to vanish for all finite temperatures at the isotropic $\ensuremath{\Delta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ point.

arXiv:cond-mat/9811013•Physical Review Letters•Feb 22, 1999•305 citations

Anti-drude metal of bosons

Guido Masella, Nikolay V. Prokof'ev, Guido Pupillo

In the absence of frustration, interacting bosons in their ground state in one or two dimensions exist either in the superfluid or insulating phases. Superfluidity corresponds to frictionless flow of the matter field, and in optical conductivity is revealed through a distinct δ-functional peak at zero frequency with the amplitude known as the Drude weight. This characteristic low-frequency feature is instead absent in insulating phases, defined by zero static optical conductivity. Here we demonstrate that bosonic particles in disordered one dimensional chains can also exist in a conducting, non-superfluid, phase when their hopping is of the dipolar type, often viewed as short-ranged in one dimension. This phase is characterized by finite static optical conductivity, followed by a broad anti-Drude peak at finite frequencies. Off-diagonal correlations are also unconventional: they feature an integrable algebraic decay for arbitrarily large values of disorder. These results do not fit the description of any known quantum phase, and strongly suggest the existence of an unusual conducting state of bosonic matter in the ground state.

arXiv:2102.08206•Nature Communications•Apr 19, 2022•4 citations
For finite systems, the real part of the conductivity is usually decomposed as the sum of a zero frequency delta peak and a finite frequency regular part. In studies with periodic boundary conditions, the Drude weight, i.e., the weight of the zero frequency delta peak, is found to be nonzero for integrable systems, even at very high temperatures, whereas it vanishes for generic (nonintegrable) systems. Paradoxically, for systems with open boundary conditions, it can be shown that the coefficient of the zero frequency delta peak is identically zero for any finite system, regardless of its integrability. In order for the Drude weight to be a thermodynamically meaningful quantity, both kinds of boundary conditions should produce the same answer in the thermodynamic limit. We shed light on these issues by using analytical and numerical methods.
Ballistic transport of a quantum system can be characterized by Drude weight, which quantifies the response of the system to a uniform electric field in the infinitely long timescale. The Drude weight is often discussed in terms of the Kohn formula, which gives the Drude weight by the derivative of the energy eigenvalue of a finite-size system with the periodic boundary condition in terms of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. Recently, the Kohn formula is generalized to nonlinear responses. However, the nonlinear Drude weight determined by the Kohn formula often diverges in the thermodynamic limit. In order to elucidate the issue, in this work we examine a simple example of a one-dimensional tight-binding model in the presence of a single defect at zero temperature. We find that its linear and nonlinear Drude weights given by the Kohn formula (i) depend on the Aharonov-Bohm flux and (ii) diverge proportionally to a power of the system size. We argue that the problem can be attributed to different order of limits. The Drude weight according to the Kohn formula (``Kohn-Drude weight'') indicates the response of a finite-size system to an adiabatic insertion of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. While it is a well-defined physical quantity for a finite-size system, its thermodynamic limit does not always describe the ballistic transport of the bulk. The latter should be rather characterized by a ``bulk Drude weight'' defined by taking the thermodynamic limit first before the zero-frequency limit. While the potential issue of the order of limits has been sometimes discussed within the linear response, the discrepancy between the two limits is amplified in nonlinear Drude weights. We demonstrate the importance of the low-energy excitations of O(1/L)O(1/L)O(1/L), which are excluded from the Kohn-Drude weight, in regularizing the bulk Drude weight.
We continue to study frequency-dependent complex bulk viscosities of one-dimensional Bose and Fermi gases with contact interactions, which exhibit the weak-strong duality according to our recent work. Here we show that they are contributed to by Drude peaks divergent at zero frequency as typical for transport coefficients of quantum integrable systems in one dimension. In particular, their Drude weights are evaluated based on the Kubo formula in the high-temperature limit at arbitrary coupling as well as in the weak-coupling and strong-coupling limits at arbitrary temperature, where systematic expansions in terms of small parameters are available. In all three limits, the Drude peaks are found at higher orders compared to the finite regular parts.
We report a detailed analysis of the Drude weights for both thermal and spin transport in one-dimensional spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ systems by means of exact diagonalization and analytic approaches at finite temperatures. Transport properties are studied first for the integrable XXZ\mathrm{XXZ}XXZ model and second for various nonintegrable systems such as the dimerized chain, the frustrated chain, and the spin ladder. We compare our results obtained by exact diagonalization and mean-field theory with those of the Bethe ansatz, bosonization, and other numerical studies in the case of the anisotropic Heisenberg model both in the gapless and gapped regime. In particular, we find indications that the Drude weight for spin transport is finite in the thermodynamic limit for the isotropic chain. For the nonintegrable models, a finite-size analysis of the numerical data for the Drude weights is presented, covering the entire parameter space of the dimerized and frustrated chain. We also discuss which conclusions can be drawn from bosonization regarding the question of whether the Drude weights are finite or not. One of our main results is that the Drude weights vanish in the thermodynamic limit for nonintegrable models.
A many-electron conducting system undergoes free acceleration in response to a macroscopic field. The Drude weight DDD---also called charge stiffness---measures the adiabatic (inverse) inertia of the electrons; the DDD formal expression requires periodic boundary conditions. When instead a bounded sample is addressed within open boundary conditions, no current flows and a constant (external) field only polarizes the sample: the Faraday cage effect. Nonetheless, a low-frequency field induces forced oscillations: We show here that the low-frequency linear response of the bounded system is dominated by the adiabatic inertia and allows an alternative evaluation of DDD. Simulations on model one-dimensional systems demonstrate our main message.
Using the Bethe ansatz method, the zero frequency contribution (Drude weight) to the spin current correlations is analyzed for the easy plane antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The Drude weight is a monotonically decreasing function of temperature for all $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}1$; it approaches the zero temperature value with a power law and appears to vanish for all finite temperatures at the isotropic $\ensuremath{\Delta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ point.
In the absence of frustration, interacting bosons in their ground state in one or two dimensions exist either in the superfluid or insulating phases. Superfluidity corresponds to frictionless flow of the matter field, and in optical conductivity is revealed through a distinct δ-functional peak at zero frequency with the amplitude known as the Drude weight. This characteristic low-frequency feature is instead absent in insulating phases, defined by zero static optical conductivity. Here we demonstrate that bosonic particles in disordered one dimensional chains can also exist in a conducting, non-superfluid, phase when their hopping is of the dipolar type, often viewed as short-ranged in one dimension. This phase is characterized by finite static optical conductivity, followed by a broad anti-Drude peak at finite frequencies. Off-diagonal correlations are also unconventional: they feature an integrable algebraic decay for arbitrarily large values of disorder. These results do not fit the description of any known quantum phase, and strongly suggest the existence of an unusual conducting state of bosonic matter in the ground state.