For two bipartite pure states, we consider the problem of unambiguous identification without classical knowledge on the states. The optimal success probability by means of local operations and classical communication is shown to be less than the maximum attainable by the global measuring scheme.
Suppose we want to identify an input state with one of two unknown reference states, where the input state is guaranteed to be equal to one of the reference states. We assume that no classical knowledge of the reference states is given, but a certain number of copies of them are available instead. Two reference states are independently and randomly chosen from the state space in a unitary invariant way. This is called the quantum state identification problem, and the task is to optimize the mean identification success probability. In this paper, we consider the case where each reference state is pure and bipartite, and generally entangled. The question is whether the maximum mean identification success probability can be attained by means of a local operations and classical communication (LOCC) measurement scheme. Two types of identification problem are considered when a single copy of each reference state is available. We show that a LOCC scheme attains the globally achievable identification probability in the minimum-error identification problem. In the unambiguous identification problem, however, the maximal success probability by means of LOCC is shown to be less than the globally achievable identification probability.
Suppose we want to distinguish two quantum pure states. We consider the case in which no classical knowledge on the two states is given and only a pair of samples of the two states is available. This problem is called quantum pure-state identification problem. Our task is to optimize the mean identification success probability, which is averaged over an independent unitary invariant distribution of the two reference states. In this paper, the two states are assumed bipartite states which are generally entangled. The question is whether the maximum mean identification success probability can be attained by means of an LOCC (Local Operations and Classical Communication) measurement scheme. We will show that this is possible by constructing a POVM which respects the conditions of LOCC.
We study how to unambiguously identify a given quantum pure state with one of the two reference pure states when no classical knowledge on the reference states is given but a certain number of copies of each reference quantum state are presented. By unambiguous identification, we mean that we are not allowed to make a mistake but our measurement can produce an inconclusive result. Assuming the two reference states are independently distributed over the whole pure state space in a unitary invariant way, we determine the optimal mean success probability for an arbitrary number of copies of the reference states and a general dimension of the state space. It is explicitly shown that the obtained optimal mean success probability asymptotically approaches that of the unambiguous discrimination as the number of the copies of the reference states increases.
We consider the problem of unambiguous (error-free) discrimination of N linearly independent pure quantum states with prior probabilities, where the goal is to find a measurement that maximizes the average probability of success. We derive an upper bound on the optimal average probability of success using a result on optimal local conversion between two bipartite pure states. We prove that for any $N\ensuremath{\ge}2$ an optimal measurement in general saturates our bound. In the exceptional cases we show that the bound is tight, but not always optimal.
The problem studied in this paper is, if the number of queries to unitary operations is fixed, say k, then when do local operations and classical communication (LOCC) suffice for optimally distinguishing bipartite unitary operations? We consider the above problem for two-qubit unitary operations in the case of k=1, showing that for two two-qubit entangling unitary operations without local parties, LOCC achieves the same distinguishability as the global operations. Specifically, we obtain the following: (i) if such two unitary operations are perfectly distinguishable by global operations, then they are perfectly distinguishable by LOCC also, and (ii) if they are not perfectly distinguishable by global operations, then LOCC can achieve the same optimal discrimination probability as the global operations.