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arXiv:0712.1940

Generalised integrable Hubbard models

J. M. Drummond, Giovanni Feverati, L. Frappat, E. Ragoucy

Published Dec 12, 2007• 2 citations
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Abstract

We construct the XX and Hubbard-like models based on unitary superalgebras gl(N|M) generalizing Shastry's and Maassarani's approach. We introduce the R-matrix of the gl(N|M) XX-type model; the one of the Hubbard-like model is defined by "coupling" two independent XX models. In both cases, we show that the R-matrices satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation. We derive the corresponding local Hamiltonian in the transfer matrix formalism and we determine its symmetries. A perturbative calculation "à la Klein and Seitz" is performed. Some explicit examples are worked out. We give a description of the two-particle scattering.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0712.1940

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We propose a general framework that leads to one-dimensional XX and Hubbard models in full generality, based on the decomposition of an arbitrary vector space (possibly infinite dimensional) into a direct sum of two subspaces, the two corresponding orthogonal projectors allowing one to define a R-matrix of a universal XX model, and then of a Hubbard model using a Shastry type construction. The QISM approach ensures integrability of the models, the properties of the obtained R-matrices leading to local Hubbard-like Hamiltonians. In all cases, the energies, the symmetry algebras and the scattering matrices are explicitly determined. The computation of the Bethe Ansatz equations for some subsectors of the universal Hubbard theories are determined, while they are fully computed in the XX case. A perturbative calculation in the large coupling regime is also done for the universal Hubbard models.
We propose a general framework that leads to one-dimensional XX and Hubbard models in full generality, based on the decomposition of an arbitrary vector space (possibly infinite dimensional) into a direct sum of two subspaces, the two corresponding orthogonal projectors allowing one to define a R-matrix of a universal XX model, and then of a Hubbard model using a Shastry type construction. The QISM approach ensures integrability of the models, the properties of the obtained R-matrices leading to local Hubbard-like Hamiltonians. In all cases, the energies, the symmetry algebras and the scattering matrices are explicitly determined. The computation of the Bethe Ansatz equations for some subsectors of the universal Hubbard theories are determined, while they are fully computed in the XX case. A perturbative calculation in the large coupling regime is also done for the universal Hubbard models.
Within the framework of quantum groups and additive R -matrices, the fusion procedure allows one to construct higher-dimensional solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. These solutions lead to integrable one-dimensional spin-chain Hamiltonians. Here fusion is shown to generalize naturally to non-additive R -matrices, which therefore do not have a quantum group symmetry. This method is then applied to the generalized Hubbard models. Although the resulting integrable models are not as simple as the starting ones, the general structure is that of two spin-( s × s ´) sl (2) models coupled at the free-fermion point. An important issue is the probable lack of regular points which give local Hamiltonians. This problem is related to the existence of second-order zeros in the unitarity equation, and arises for the XX models of higher spins, the building blocks of the Hubbard models. A possible connection between some Lax operators L and R -matrices is noted.
A class of recently introduced su (n) "free-fermion" models has recently been used to construct generalized Hubbard models. I derive an algebra defining the "free-fermion" models and give new classes of solutions. I then introduce a conjugation matrix and give a new and simple proof of the corresponding decorated Yang–Baxter equation. This provides the algebraic tools required to couple in an integrable way two copies of free-fermion models. Complete integrability of the resulting Hubbard-like models is shown by exhibiting their L and R matrices. Local symmetries of the models are discussed. The diagonalization of the free-fermion models is carried out using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz.
We propose a new type of the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) and the decorated Yang-Baxter equation (DYBE). Those relations for the fermionic R-operator were introduced recently as a tool to treat the integrability of the fermion models. Using the YBE and the DYBE for the XX fermion model, we construct the fermionic R-operator for the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model. It gives another proof of the integrability of the 1D Hubbard model. Furthermore a new approach to the SO(4) symmetry of the 1D Hubbard model is discussed.