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arXiv:0711.0889 · Physical Review Letters

Dipolar Bosons in a Planar Array of One-Dimensional Tubes

Corinna Kollath, Julia S. Meyer, Thierry Giamarchi

Published Apr 3, 2008• 49 citations
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Abstract

We investigate bosonic atoms or molecules interacting via dipolar interactions in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation in which the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the tubes by an external field. We find various quantum phases reaching from a "sliding Luttinger liquid" phase to a two-dimensional charge density wave ordered phase. Two different kinds of charge density wave order occur: a stripe phase in which the bosons in different tubes are aligned and a checkerboard phase. We further point out how to distinguish the occurring phases experimentally.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.130403

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We investigate bosonic atoms or molecules interacting via dipolar interactions in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation in which the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the tubes by an external field. We find various quantum phases reaching from a "sliding Luttinger liquid" phase to a two-dimensional charge density wave ordered phase. Two different kinds of charge density wave order occur: a stripe phase in which the bosons in different tubes are aligned and a checkerboard phase. We further point out how to distinguish the occurring phases experimentally.
We systematically study ground-state properties of fermionic dipolar gases in a planar array of one-dimensional potential tubes for arbitrary orientation of dipole moments. Using the Luttinger liquid theory with the generalized Bogoliubov transformation, we calculate the elementary excitations and the Luttinger scaling exponents for various relevant quantum orders. The complete quantum phase diagrams for arbitrary polar angle of the dipole moment are obtained including charge-density wave, ppp-wave superfluid, intertube gauge-phase density wave, and intertube sss-wave superfluid, where the last two break the U(1) gauge symmetry of the system (conservation of particle number in each tube) and occur only when the intertube interaction is larger than the intratube interaction. We then discuss the physical properties and experimental features of these many-body phases.
We discuss a model of dipolar bosons trapped in a weakly coupled planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation where the dipolar moments are aligned by an external field, and we find a rich phase diagram as a function of the angle of this field exhibiting quantum phase transitions between solid, superfluid, and supersolid phases. In the low energy limit, the model turns out to be identical to one describing quasi-one-dimensional superconductivity in condensed matter systems. This opens the possibility of using bosons as a quantum analog simulator of electronic systems, a scenario arising from the intricate relation between statistics and interactions in quasi-one-dimensional systems.
We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined to a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned perpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely repulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the worm algorithm. Besides a superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that, unlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighbor interaction, supersolid phases are stabilized by doping the solids not only with particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation and the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry, and we suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can be observed.
We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined to a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned perpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely repulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the Worm Algorithm. Besides a superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that, unlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighboring interaction, supersolid phases are stabilized not only by doping the solids with particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation and the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry, and suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can be observed.
Motivated by recent experiments with ultracold magnetic atoms trapped in optical lattices where the orientation of atomic dipoles can be fully controlled by external fields, we study, by means of quantum Monte Carlo, the ground-state properties of dipolar bosons trapped in a two-dimensional lattice with density-induced hopping and where the dipoles are tilted along the xzxzxz plane. We present ground-state phase diagrams of the above system at different tilt angles. We find that as the dipolar interaction increases, the superfluid phase at half-filling factor is destroyed in favor of either a checkerboard or stripe solid phase for tilt angle $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ or $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, respectively. More interesting physics happens at tilt angles $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{58}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, where we find that as the dipolar interaction strength increases, solid phases first appear at filling factor lower than 0.5. Moreover, unlike what is observed at lower tilt angles, we find that at half filling, a stripe supersolid intervenes between the superfluid and stripe solid phase.
We consider dipolar bosons in two tubes of one-dimensional lattices, where the dipoles are aligned to be maximally repulsive and the particle filling fraction is the same in each tube. In the classical limit of zero intersite hopping, the particles arrange themselves into an ordered crystal for any rational filling fraction, forming a complete devil's staircase like in the single tube case. Turning on hopping within each tube then gives rise to a competition between the crystalline Mott phases and a liquid of defects or solitons. However, for the two-tube case, we find that solitons from different tubes can bind into pairs for certain topologies of the filling fraction. This provides an intriguing example of pairing that is purely driven by correlations close to a Mott insulator.