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arXiv:0710.5083 · Physical Review Letters

Control of Interaction-Induced Dephasing of Bloch Oscillations

Martin G. H. Gustavsson, Elmar Haller, Manfred J. Mark, Johann Georg Danzl, G. Rojas-Kopeinig, Hanns‐Christoph Nägerl

Published Feb 28, 2008• 248 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on the control of interaction-induced dephasing of Bloch oscillations for an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. We quantify the dephasing in terms of the width of the quasimomentum distribution and measure its dependence on time for different interaction strengths which we control by means of a Feshbach resonance. For minimal interaction, the dephasing time is increased from a few to more than 20 thousand Bloch oscillation periods, allowing us to realize a BEC-based atom interferometer in the noninteracting limit.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.080404

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We demonstrate the operation of an atom interferometer based on a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. We strongly reduce the interaction induced decoherence that usually limits interferometers based on trapped condensates by tuning the s-wave scattering length almost to zero via a magnetic Feshbach resonance. We employ a 39K condensate trapped in an optical lattice, where Bloch oscillations are forced by gravity. The fine-tuning of the scattering length down to 0.1 a_(0) and the micrometric sizes of the atomic sample make our system a very promising candidate for measuring forces with high spatial resolution. Our technique can be in principle extended to other measurement schemes opening new possibilities in the field of trapped atom interferometry.
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This thesis experimentally investigates Bloch oscillations of a Rubidium-87 Bose-Einstein condensate in an disordered optical lattice. The disorder is created by superposing an additional, incommensurate optical lattice to the main lattice. Individually, collisional mean-field interactions between atoms as well as disorder both lead to a damping of the oscillations. However, we observe a competition between the two contributions, which results in an effective reduction of the disorder-induced damping due to mean-field interactions. This observation is consistent with an interaction-induced screening of the potential.