Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0710.0353 · Physical Review A

Trap-imbalanced fermion mixtures

M. Iskin, Carl J. Williams

Published Jan 7, 2008• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We analyze the ground-state phases of two-component $(\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\uparrow},\ensuremath{\downarrow}})$ population- and mass-balanced (${N}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}={N}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}$ and ${m}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}={m}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}$) but trap-imbalanced $({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\ensuremath{\ne}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}})$ fermion mixtures as a function of interaction strength from the weak attraction Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to the strong attraction Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit. In the BCS limit, we find that the unpolarized superfluid (UPS) fermions exist away from the central core of the trapping potentials, and are surrounded by partially $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-polarized normal $(\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{PN})$ fermions. As the interactions increase towards unitarity, we find that the central $\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{PN}$ core first transitions to a UPS, and then expands towards the edges until the entire mixture becomes a UPS in the BEC limit.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.013605

Related papers

Trapped fermion mixtures with unequal masses: a Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach

M. Iskin, Carl J. Williams

We use the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the ground state phases of harmonically trapped two-species fermion mixtures with unequal masses. In the weakly attracting limit and around unitarity, we find that the superfluid order parameter is spatially modulated around the trap center, and that its global maximum occurs at a finite distance away from the trap center where the mixture is locally unpolarized. As the attraction strength increases towards the molecular limit, the spatial modulations gradually disappear while the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type nonmodulated superfluid region expands until the entire mixture becomes locally unpolarized.

arXiv:0810.5065•Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Oct 28, 2008•1 citation

Trap- and population-imbalanced two-component Fermi gas in the Bose-Einstein-condensate limit

Salman Silotri

We study equal mass population imbalanced two-component atomic Fermi gas with unequal trap frequencies $({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\ensuremath{\ne}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}})$ at zero temperature using the local density approximation (LDA). We consider the strongly attracting Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit where polarized (gapless) superfluid is stable. The system exhibits shell structure: unpolarized superfluid$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$polarized superfluid$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$normal state. Compared to the trap symmetric case, when the majority component is tightly confined the gapless superfluid shell grows in size leading to reduced threshold polarization to form a polarized (gapless) superfluid core. In contrast, when the minority component is tightly confined, we find that the superfluid phase is dominated by the unpolarized superfluid phase with the gapless phase forming a narrow shell. The shell radii for various phases as a function of polarization at different values of trap asymmetry are presented and the features are explained using the phase diagram.

arXiv:0909.1561•Physical Review A•Jan 25, 2010•2 citations

Mixtures of ultracold fermions with unequal masses

M. Iskin, C. A. R. Sá de Melo

We analyze the phase diagram of superfluidity for two-species fermion mixtures from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit as a function of scattering parameter, population imbalance, and mass anisotropy. We identify regions corresponding to normal, or uniform or nonuniform superfluid phases, and discuss topological quantum phase transitions in the BCS, unitarity, and BEC limits. We derive the Ginzburg-Landau equation near the critical temperature, and show that it describes a dilute mixture of paired and unpaired fermions in the BEC limit. We also obtain the zero temperature low frequency and long wavelength collective excitation spectrum, and recover the Bogoliubov relation for weakly interacting dilute bosons in the BEC limit. Lastly, we discuss the effects of harmonic traps and the resulting density profiles in the BEC regime.

arXiv:cond-mat/0703258•Physical Review A•Jul 2, 2007•52 citations

BCS to BEC evolution and quantum phase transitions in superfluid Fermi gases

M. Iskin

This thesis focuses on the analysis of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) \nto Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) evolution in ultracold superfluid \nFermi gases when the interaction between atoms is varied. The tuning of \nattractive interactions permits the ground state of the system to evolve from a weak \nfermion attraction BCS limit of loosely bound and largely overlapping Cooper pairs \nto a strong fermion attraction limit of tightly bound small bosonic molecules \nwhich undergo BEC. \nThis evolution is accompanied by anomalous behavior of many superfluid \nproperties, and reveals several quantum phase transitions. \nThis thesis has two parts: \nIn the first part, I analyze zero and nonzero orbital angular momentum \npairing effects, and show that a quantum phase transition occurs for \nnonzero angular momentum pairing, unlike the $s$-wave case where the BCS \nto BEC evolution is just a crossover. \nIn the second part, I analyze two-species fermion mixtures with mass and \npopulation imbalance in continuum, trap and lattice models. In contrast with \nthe crossover physics found in the mass and population balanced mixtures, \nI demonstrate the existence of phase transitions between normal and \nsuperfluid phases, as well as phase separation between superfluid (paired) \nand normal (excess) fermions in imbalanced mixtures as a function of scattering \nparameter and mass and population imbalance.

•Jun 29, 2007•0 citations

Non-BCS superfluidity in trapped ultracold Fermi gases

Lars Melwyn Jensen, J. J. Kinnunen, Päivi Törmä

Superconductivity and superfluidity of fermions require, within the BCS theory, matching of the Fermi energies of the two interacting Fermion species. Difference in the number densities of the two species leads either to a normal state, to phase separation, or---potentially---to exotic forms of superfluidity such as Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, Sarma state, or breached pair state. We consider ultracold Fermi gases with polarization, i.e., spin-density imbalance. We show that, due to the gases being trapped and isolated from the environment in terms of particle exchange, exotic forms of superfluidity appear as a shell around the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid core of the gas and, for large density imbalance, in the core as well. We obtain these results by describing the effect of the trapping potential by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. For comparison to experiments, we calculate also the condensate fraction, and show that, in the center of the trap, a polarized superfluid leads to a small dip in the central density difference. We compare the results to those given by local density approximation and find qualitatively different behavior.

arXiv:cond-mat/0604424•Physical Review A•Sep 24, 2007•25 citations

Population-imbalanced fermions in harmonically trapped optical lattices

M. Iskin, Carl J. Williams

The attractive Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian is solved via the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the ground state phases of population imbalanced fermion mixtures in harmonically trapped two-dimensional optical lattices. In the low density limit the superfluid order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap edges to accommodate the unpaired fermions that are pushed away from the trap center with a single peak in their density. However, in the high density limit while the order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap center for low imbalance, it also modulates towards the trap edges with increasing imbalance until the superfluid to normal phase transition occurs beyond a critical imbalance. This leads to a single peak in the density of unpaired fermions for low and high imbalance, but leads to double peaks for intermediate imbalance.

arXiv:0802.3945•Physical Review A•Jul 21, 2008•20 citations
We analyze the ground-state phases of two-component (\ensuremathσ\ensuremath≡\ensuremath↑,\ensuremath↓)(\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\uparrow},\ensuremath{\downarrow}})(\ensuremathσ\ensuremath≡\ensuremath↑,\ensuremath↓) population- and mass-balanced (N\ensuremath↑=N\ensuremath↓{N}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}={N}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}N\ensuremath↑​=N\ensuremath↓​ and m\ensuremath↑=m\ensuremath↓{m}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}={m}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}m\ensuremath↑​=m\ensuremath↓​) but trap-imbalanced (\ensuremathω\ensuremath↑\ensuremath≠\ensuremathω\ensuremath↓)({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\ensuremath{\ne}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}})(\ensuremathω\ensuremath↑​\ensuremath=\ensuremathω\ensuremath↓​) fermion mixtures as a function of interaction strength from the weak attraction Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to the strong attraction Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit. In the BCS limit, we find that the unpolarized superfluid (UPS) fermions exist away from the central core of the trapping potentials, and are surrounded by partially \ensuremathσ\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremathσ-polarized normal (P\ensuremathσPN)(\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{PN})(P\ensuremathσPN) fermions. As the interactions increase towards unitarity, we find that the central P\ensuremathσPN\mathrm{P}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{PN}P\ensuremathσPN core first transitions to a UPS, and then expands towards the edges until the entire mixture becomes a UPS in the BEC limit.
We use the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the ground state phases of harmonically trapped two-species fermion mixtures with unequal masses. In the weakly attracting limit and around unitarity, we find that the superfluid order parameter is spatially modulated around the trap center, and that its global maximum occurs at a finite distance away from the trap center where the mixture is locally unpolarized. As the attraction strength increases towards the molecular limit, the spatial modulations gradually disappear while the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type nonmodulated superfluid region expands until the entire mixture becomes locally unpolarized.
We study equal mass population imbalanced two-component atomic Fermi gas with unequal trap frequencies $({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\ensuremath{\ne}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}})$ at zero temperature using the local density approximation (LDA). We consider the strongly attracting Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit where polarized (gapless) superfluid is stable. The system exhibits shell structure: unpolarized superfluid$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$polarized superfluid$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$normal state. Compared to the trap symmetric case, when the majority component is tightly confined the gapless superfluid shell grows in size leading to reduced threshold polarization to form a polarized (gapless) superfluid core. In contrast, when the minority component is tightly confined, we find that the superfluid phase is dominated by the unpolarized superfluid phase with the gapless phase forming a narrow shell. The shell radii for various phases as a function of polarization at different values of trap asymmetry are presented and the features are explained using the phase diagram.
We analyze the phase diagram of superfluidity for two-species fermion mixtures from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit as a function of scattering parameter, population imbalance, and mass anisotropy. We identify regions corresponding to normal, or uniform or nonuniform superfluid phases, and discuss topological quantum phase transitions in the BCS, unitarity, and BEC limits. We derive the Ginzburg-Landau equation near the critical temperature, and show that it describes a dilute mixture of paired and unpaired fermions in the BEC limit. We also obtain the zero temperature low frequency and long wavelength collective excitation spectrum, and recover the Bogoliubov relation for weakly interacting dilute bosons in the BEC limit. Lastly, we discuss the effects of harmonic traps and the resulting density profiles in the BEC regime.
This thesis focuses on the analysis of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) \nto Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) evolution in ultracold superfluid \nFermi gases when the interaction between atoms is varied. The tuning of \nattractive interactions permits the ground state of the system to evolve from a weak \nfermion attraction BCS limit of loosely bound and largely overlapping Cooper pairs \nto a strong fermion attraction limit of tightly bound small bosonic molecules \nwhich undergo BEC. \nThis evolution is accompanied by anomalous behavior of many superfluid \nproperties, and reveals several quantum phase transitions. \nThis thesis has two parts: \nIn the first part, I analyze zero and nonzero orbital angular momentum \npairing effects, and show that a quantum phase transition occurs for \nnonzero angular momentum pairing, unlike the sss-wave case where the BCS \nto BEC evolution is just a crossover. \nIn the second part, I analyze two-species fermion mixtures with mass and \npopulation imbalance in continuum, trap and lattice models. In contrast with \nthe crossover physics found in the mass and population balanced mixtures, \nI demonstrate the existence of phase transitions between normal and \nsuperfluid phases, as well as phase separation between superfluid (paired) \nand normal (excess) fermions in imbalanced mixtures as a function of scattering \nparameter and mass and population imbalance.
Superconductivity and superfluidity of fermions require, within the BCS theory, matching of the Fermi energies of the two interacting Fermion species. Difference in the number densities of the two species leads either to a normal state, to phase separation, or---potentially---to exotic forms of superfluidity such as Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, Sarma state, or breached pair state. We consider ultracold Fermi gases with polarization, i.e., spin-density imbalance. We show that, due to the gases being trapped and isolated from the environment in terms of particle exchange, exotic forms of superfluidity appear as a shell around the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid core of the gas and, for large density imbalance, in the core as well. We obtain these results by describing the effect of the trapping potential by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. For comparison to experiments, we calculate also the condensate fraction, and show that, in the center of the trap, a polarized superfluid leads to a small dip in the central density difference. We compare the results to those given by local density approximation and find qualitatively different behavior.
The attractive Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian is solved via the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the ground state phases of population imbalanced fermion mixtures in harmonically trapped two-dimensional optical lattices. In the low density limit the superfluid order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap edges to accommodate the unpaired fermions that are pushed away from the trap center with a single peak in their density. However, in the high density limit while the order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap center for low imbalance, it also modulates towards the trap edges with increasing imbalance until the superfluid to normal phase transition occurs beyond a critical imbalance. This leads to a single peak in the density of unpaired fermions for low and high imbalance, but leads to double peaks for intermediate imbalance.