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arXiv:0709.4217 · Physical Review A

Weak measurement and control of entanglement generation

Charles D. Hill, Jason F. Ralph

Published Jan 25, 2008• 37 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we show how weak measurement and local feedback can be used to control entanglement generation between two qubits. To do this, we make use of a decoherence free subspace. Weak measurement and feedback can be used to drive the system into this subspace rapidly. Once within the subspace, feedback can generate entanglement rapidly, or turn off entanglement generation dynamically. We also consider, in the context of weak measurement, some of the differences between purification and generating entanglement.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.014305

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In this paper we show how weak measurement and local feedback can be used to control entanglement generation between two qubits. To do this, we make use of a decoherence free subspace. Weak measurement and feedback can be used to drive the system into this subspace rapidly. Once within the subspace, feedback can generate entanglement rapidly, or turn off entanglement generation dynamically. We also consider, in the context of weak measurement, some of the differences between purification and generating entanglement.
When a quantum system interacts with its environment, the so-called decoherence effect will normally destroy the coherence in the quantum state and the entanglement between its subsystems. We propose a feedback control strategy based on quantum weak measurements to protect coherence and entanglement of the quantum state against environmental disturbance. For a one-qubit quantum system under amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, our strategy can preserve the coherence based on the measured information about the population difference between its two levels. For a two-qubit quantum system disentangled by independent amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, the designed feedback control can preserve coherence between the ground state and the highest excited states by tuning the coupling strength between the two qubits, and at the same time minimize the loss of entanglement between the two qubits. As a consequence of dynamic symmetry, the generalization of these results derives the concept of control-induced decoherence-free observable subspace, for which several criteria are provided.
In this paper, we consider feedback control algorithms for the rapid purification of a bipartite state consisting of two qubits, when the observer has access to only one of the qubits. We show (1) the algorithm maximizing the average purification rate is different from that for a projective measurement and (2) that the weak measurement protocol for bipartite systems contrasts with known single qubit protocols. We also reveal that the rate of increase in purity may be made deterministic for bipartite states.
A goal of the emerging field of quantum control is to develop methods for quantum technologies to function robustly in the presence of noise. Central issues are the fundamental limitations on the available information about quantum systems and the disturbance they suffer in the process of measurement. In the context of a simple quantum control scenario-the stabilization of nonorthogonal states of a qubit against dephasing-we experimentally explore the use of weak measurements in feedback control. We find that, despite the intrinsic difficultly of implementing them, weak measurements allow us to control the qubit better in practice than is even theoretically possible without them. Our work shows that these more general quantum measurements can play an important role for feedback control of quantum systems.