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arXiv:0709.3852 · Physical Review A

Coherent communication with linear optics

Mark M. Wilde, Todd A. Brun, Jonathan P. Dowling, Hwang Lee

Published Feb 21, 2008• 9 citations
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Abstract

We show how to implement several continuous-variable coherent protocols with linear optics. Noise can accumulate when implementing each coherent protocol with realistic optical devices. Our analysis bounds the level of noise accumulation. We highlight the connection between a coherent channel and a nonlocal quantum nondemolition interaction and give two new protocols that implement a coherent channel. One protocol is superior to a previous method for a nonlocal quantum nondemolition interaction because it requires fewer communication resources. We then show how continuous-variable coherent superdense coding implements two nonlocal quantum nondemolition interactions with a quantum channel and bipartite entanglement. We finally show how to implement continuous-variable coherent teleportation experimentally and provide a way to verify the correctness of its operation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.022321

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We show how to implement several continuous-variable coherent protocols with linear optics. Noise can accumulate when implementing each coherent protocol with realistic optical devices. Our analysis bounds the level of noise accumulation. We highlight the connection between a coherent channel and a nonlocal quantum nondemolition interaction and give two new protocols that implement a coherent channel. One protocol is superior to a previous method for a nonlocal quantum nondemolition interaction because it requires fewer communication resources. We then show how continuous-variable coherent superdense coding implements two nonlocal quantum nondemolition interactions with a quantum channel and bipartite entanglement. We finally show how to implement continuous-variable coherent teleportation experimentally and provide a way to verify the correctness of its operation.
The continuous-variable coherent (conat) channel is a useful resource for coherent communication, supporting coherent teleportation and coherent superdense coding. We extend the conat channel to multiparty conditions by proposing definitions on multiparty position-quadrature and momentum-quadrature conat channel. We additionally provide two methods to implement this channel using linear optics. One method is the multiparty version of coherent communication assisted by entanglement and classical communication (CCAECC). The other is multiparty coherent superdense coding.
The coherent bit (cobit) channel is a resource intermediate between classical and quantum communication. It produces coherent versions of teleportation and superdense coding. We extend the cobit channel to continuous variables by providing a definition of the coherent nat (conat) channel. We construct several coherent protocols that use both a position-quadrature and a momentum-quadrature conat channel with finite squeezing. Finally, we show that the quality of squeezing diminishes through successive compositions of coherent teleportation and superdense coding.
This paper outlines a linear-optical protocol for the teleportation of bipartite entangled coherent states (ECSs) using maximally ECSs as quantum channels. The scheme relies on symmetric beam splitters, phase shifters, photon-number-resolved measurements, and conditional local phase operations. Successful teleportation is achieved probabilistically with a constant success rate of 50%, independent of the coherent-state amplitude [Formula: see text], and governed by the parity of the measurement outcomes. The absence of nonlinear optical processes or direct photon interactions renders the protocol experimentally feasible and scalable, making it suitable for applications in continuous-variable quantum communication, quantum information processing, and coherent-state entanglement distribution.
Many different quantum-information communication protocols such as teleportation, dense coding, and entanglement-based quantum key distribution are based on the faithful transmission of entanglement between distant location in an optical network. The distribution of entanglement in such a network is, however, hampered by loss and noise that is inherent in all practical quantum channels. Thus, to enable faithful transmission one must resort to the protocol of entanglement distillation. In this paper we present a detailed theoretical analysis and an experimental realization of continuous variable entanglement distillation in a channel that is inflicted by different kinds of non-Gaussian noise. The continuous variable entangled states are generated by exploiting the third order nonlinearity in optical fibers, and the states are sent through a free-space laboratory channel in which the losses are altered to simulate a free-space atmospheric channel with varying losses. We use linear optical components, homodyne measurements, and classical communication to distill the entanglement, and we find that by using this method the entanglement can be probabilistically increased for some specific non-Gaussian noise channels.
Quantum teleportation has attracted much attention from both theorists and experimenters in the last decade. The emergence of new protocols and their actual implementation have even motivated the development of new quantum optical schemes. A key issue when teleporting a quantum state is establishing the quantum channel between sender and receiver stations, usually done by manipulating an auxiliary bipartite entangled state. The purpose of the present work is to study quantum teleportation processes in which that state is an entangled bipartite photon-added state, and the Adhikari et. al. continuous-variable quantum teleportation protocol is applied. Photon-added states can be generated using different experimental techniques, such as parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal, and conditioned parametric amplification. These states are relevant because they exhibit generalized non-classical features for all orders of creation and annihilation operators, and may even show phase squeezing and sub-Poissonian distribution statistics. We study, the dependence of the fidelity of the teleported states and their photon number statistic as a function of the higher-order squeezing, and the higher-order sub-Poissonian statistic.