Distinctive orderings and phase diagram structures are found, from renormalization-group theory, for odd q-state clock spin-glass models in d=3 dimensions. These models exhibit asymmetric phase diagrams, as is also the case for quantum Heisenberg spin-glass models. No finite-temperature spin-glass phase occurs. For all odd q≥5, algebraically ordered antiferromagnetic phases occur. One such phase is dominant and occurs for all q≥5. Other such phases occupy small low-temperature portions of the phase diagrams and occur for 5≤q≤15. All algebraically ordered phases have the same structure, determined by an attractive finite-temperature sink fixed point where a dominant and a subdominant pair states have the only nonzero Boltzmann weights. The phase transition critical exponents quickly saturate to the high q value.
The +/-J Ising spin glass [probabilities p and (1-p) associated with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings, respectively] is studied by applying a real-space renormalization-group technique on a hierarchical lattice that approaches the square lattice. Within such a procedure, there is no spin-glass phase and only two finite-temperature phases are found, namely, the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic ones. In spite of a reasonably small computational effort, an accurate paramagnetic-ferromagnetic boundary is presented: the estimate for the slope at p=1 is in very good agreement with the well-known exact result, whereas the coordinates of the Nishimori point are determined within a high precision. Below the Nishimori point, such a boundary is not strictly vertical-contrary to the usual belief-in such a way that a small reentrance is found at low temperatures.
We study the anisotropic Heisenberg spin-glass model in a three-dimensional hierarchical lattice (designed to approximate the cubic lattice), within a real-space renormalization-group approach. Two different initial probability distributions for the exchange interaction (
Jij), Gaussian and uniform, are used, with zero mean and width
Jˉ. The
(kT/Jˉ)×Δ0 phase diagram is obtained, where
T is the temperature,
Δ0 is the first moment of the probability distribution for the uniaxial anisotropy, and
k is the Boltzmann constant. For the Ising model (
Δ0=1), there is a spin-glass phase at low temperatures (high
Jˉ) and a paramagnetic phase at high temperatures (low
Jˉ). For the isotropic Heisenberg model (
Δ0=0), our results indicate no spin-glass phase at finite temperatures. The transition temperature between the spin-glass and paramagnetic phase decreases with
Δ0, as expected, but goes to zero at a finite value of the anisotropy parameter, namely
Δ0=Δc∼0.59. Our results indicate that the whole transition line, between the paramagnetic and the spin-glass phases, for
Δc≤Δ0<1, belongs to the same universality class as the transition for the Ising spin glass.
An Ising model including field randomness and $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ bond randomness is studied by renormalization-group theory in spatial dimensions
d=2 and 3. In
d=3, with field randomness but no $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ randomness, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases occur with no intervening spin-glass phase. Also in
d=3, at sufficient $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ randomness, a spin-glass phase occurs, but is replaced by the paramagnetic phase for any nonzero random field, also implying its disappearance for any nonzero uniform field. In
d=2, no ferromagnetic phase under random fields and no spin-glass phase occur. Global phase diagrams uniting the random-field and spin-glass problems are evaluated. The strong violation of critical phenomena universality, previously found adjoining random-bond tricriticality in
d=3, is seen here in
d=2.The d=1 Ising ferromagnet and spin glass with long-range power-law interactions J r^-a is studied for all interaction range exponents a by a renormalization-group transformation that simultaneously projects local ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. In the ferromagnetic case, J>0, a finite-temperature ferromagnetic phase occurs for interaction range 0.742, the phase transition temperature discontinuously drops to zero and for a>2 there is no ordered phase above zero temperature, also as predicted by rigorous results. At the other end, on approaching a=0.74 from above, namely increasing the range of the interaction, the phase transition temperature diverges to infinity, meaning that, at all non-infinite temperatures, the system is ferromagnetically ordered. Thus, the equivalent-neighbor interactions regime is entered before (a > 0) the neighbors become equivalent, namely before the interactions become equal for all separations. The critical exponents alpha,beta, gamma,delta,eta,nu are calculated, from a large recursion matrix, varying as function of a. For antiferromagnetic J<0, all triplets of spins at all ranges have competing interactions and this highly frustrated system does not have an ordered phase. In the spin-glass system, where all couplings for all separations are randomly ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic (with probability p), a finite-temperatures spin-glass phase is obtained in the absence of antiferromagnetic phase. In the spin-glass phase, the signature chaotic behavior under scale change occurs in a richer version than previously: In the long-range interaction of this system, the interactions at every separation become chaotic, yielding a piecewise chaotic interaction function.
We investigate the ferromagnetic-glassy transitions that separate the low-temperature ferromagnetic and spin-glass phases in the temperature-disorder phase diagram of three-dimensional Ising spin-glass models. For this purpose, we consider the cubic-lattice $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ (Edwards-Anderson) Ising model with bond distribution $P(J)=p\ensuremath{\delta}(J\ensuremath{-}1)+(1\ensuremath{-}p)\ensuremath{\delta}(J+1)$, and present a numerical Monte Carlo study of the critical behavior along the line that marks the onset of ferromagnetism. The finite-size scaling analysis of the Monte Carlo data shows that the ferromagnetic-glassy transition line is slightly reentrant. As a consequence, for an interval of the disorder parameter
p, around $p\ensuremath{\approx}0.77$, the system presents a low-temperature glassy phase, an intermediate ferromagnetic phase, and a high-temperature paramagnetic phase. Along the ferromagnetic-glassy transition line, magnetic correlations show a universal critical behavior with critical exponents $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.96(2)$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}0.39(2)$. The hyperscaling relation $\ensuremath{\beta}/\ensuremath{\nu}=(1+\ensuremath{\eta})/2$ is satisfied at the transitions, so that $\ensuremath{\beta}/\ensuremath{\nu}=0.305(10)$. This magnetic critical behavior represents a new universality class for ferromagnetic transitions in Ising-type disordered systems. Overlap correlations are apparently not critical and show a smooth behavior across the transition.