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arXiv:0708.1313 · Physical Review B

Spin conductivity in almost integrable spin chains

Peter Jung, Achim Rosch

Published Dec 7, 2007• 71 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The spin conductivity in the integrable spin-$1∕2$ $XXZ$ chain is known to be infinite at finite temperatures $T$ for anisotropies $\ensuremath{-}1<\ensuremath{\Delta}<1$. Perturbations, which break integrability, e.g., a next-nearest neighbor coupling ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, render the conductivity finite. We construct numerically a nonlocal conserved operator ${J}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ which is responsible for the finite spin Drude weight of the integrable model and calculate its decay rate for small ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. This allows us to obtain a lower bound for the spin conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}\ensuremath{\geqslant}c(T)∕{{J}^{\ensuremath{'}}}^{2}$, where $c(T)$ is finite for ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. We discuss the implication of our result for the general question how nonlocal conservation laws affect transport properties.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.76.245108

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We set up a framework in which controlled lower bounds to conductivities of strongly correlated quantum systems may be calculated perturbatively in situations where the conductivities are infinite in the unperturbed model. This framework is then applied to study the transport properties of almost integrable systems, in general, and heat and spin conductivities in the integrable XXZ Heisenberg spin chain perturbed by various integrability breaking couplings, in particular. Furthermore, we systematically develop a microscopic description of the contribution of spin chains to experimentally measured heat conductivity in spin chain compounds, with an emphasis on the effect of weak disorder.
In integrable one-dimensional quantum systems an infinite set of local conserved quantities exists which can prevent a current from decaying completely. For cases like the spin current in the XXZ\mathit{XXZ}XXZ model at zero magnetic field or the charge current in the attractive Hubbard model at half filling, however, the current operator does not have overlap with any of the local conserved quantities. We show that in these situations transport at finite temperatures is dominated by a diffusive contribution with the Drude weight being either small or even zero. For the XXZ\mathit{XXZ}XXZ model we discuss in detail the relation between our results, the phenomenological theory of spin diffusion, and measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate in spin chain compounds. Furthermore, we study the Haldane-Shastry model where a conserved spin current exists.
We study spin transport of the XXZ model with next-nearest neighbor Δ2Δ_2Δ2​ terms. We compute numerically dependence of spin conductivity σ(ω)σ(ω)σ(ω) on the anisotropy ΔΔΔ and the ratio r=Δ2/Δr= Δ_2/Δr=Δ2​/Δ, in the large ΔΔΔ regime. We find that, when $0
We consider a spin chain given by the XXZ model with a weak next-to-nearest-neighbor perturbation that breaks its exact integrability. We prove that such a system has an ideal metallic behavior (infinite conductivity), by rigorously establishing strict lower bounds on the zero-temperature Drude weight, which are strictly positive. The proof is based on exact renormalization group methods allowing us to prove the convergence of the expansions and to fully take into account the irrelevant terms, which play an essential role in ensuring the correct lattice symmetries. We also prove that the Drude weight verifies the same parameter-free relations as in the absence of the integrability-breaking perturbation.
We study finite-temperature transport properties of the one-dimensional Hubbard model using the density matrix renormalization group. Our aim is twofold: First, we compute both the charge- and the spin-current correlation function of the integrable model at half filling. The former decays rapidly, implying that the corresponding Drude weight is either zero or very small. Second, we calculate the optical charge conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{r}eg(\ensuremath{\omega})$ in the presence of small integrability-breaking next-nearest-neighbor interactions (the extended Hubbard model). The dc conductivity is finite and diverges as the temperature is decreased below the gap. Our results thus suggest that the half-filled, gapped Hubbard model is a normal charge conductor at finite temperatures. As a test bed for our numerics, we compute ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{r}eg(\ensuremath{\omega})$ for the integrable XXZ spin chain in its gapped phase.