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arXiv:0707.3311 · Nature

Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk–quantum dot system

Kartik A. Srinivasan, Oskar J. Painter

Published Dec 1, 2007• 429 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nature06274

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2013•2 citations
Quantum dots have been the focus of both fundamental and applied research due to their atomic-like properties. The delta-function-like density of states along with strong nonlinear optical properties have made quantum dots the focus of novel opto-electronic devices and of quantum computing proposals. The key issue for implementing quantum dots in devices such as quantum computers is the ability to coherently entangle separately localized quantum dot states. Using continuous wave coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy techniques, this thesis focuses on creating coherent super-position states built from separately localized quantum dot states. The narrow bandwidths and mutual coherence of the applied laser fields allow for the creation of radiative and nonradiative coherences which can be understood from the coherent nonlinear optical response. The quantum dots under study are formed due to the width fluctuations of a thin quantum well. By applying nondegenerate mutually coherent fields on the sample in the traditional pump and probe geometry and homodyne detecting the nonlinear signal field, nonradiative coherences between two laterally coupled quantum dots are created and the coupling between their states examined. The coherent nonlinear optical response is compared with theoretical predictions based on the density matrix formalism for the interacting two exciton model. From this comparison, binding energies of the two-exciton bound state created with separately localized excitons is found to be on the order of 20 mueV for like-polarized excitons and on the order of 100 mueV for unlike-polarized excitons. A second order coherence between the ground and two-exciton state is also noted in the experimental data after comparison with theory. Further work attempting to study a vertically coupled quantum dot system was unsuccessful. The spectrum of a quantum dot is further understood from the comparison of the linear and nonlinear excited state spectra. Excited states which appear in both spectra imply a Coulomb interaction between them and their respective ground states. Coherent nonlinear optical signatures of excited states correlated with their linear excitation spectra are presented, and the importance of such states for a quantum computer read-out is described.
A single two-level system constitutes an extremely non-linear optical medium, where the interaction with a first single photon modifies the transmission probability for a second photon. The main difficulty to implement a single photon switch using this property is to ensure that a gate single photon will interact with the quantum emitter with a near-unity probability. In the solid state, all-optical switching has been demonstrated using photonic crystals or microdisks coupled to quantum dots, but these systems were not well externally matched: hundreds of incident photons were thus required to trigger the optical nonlinearity.