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arXiv:0707.1722 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Multiplicativity of the maximal output 2-norm for depolarized Werner-Holevo channels

Spyridon Michalakis

Published Dec 1, 2007• 9 citations
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Abstract

We study the multiplicativity of the output 2-norm for depolarized Werner-Holevo channels and show that multiplicativity holds for a product of two identical channels in this class. Moreover, it is shown that the depolarized Werner-Holevo channels do not satisfy the entrywise positivity condition introduced by King and Ruskai (e-print quant-ph∕0909181v2; e-print quant-ph∕0981026v1), which suggests that the main result is nontrivial.

DOI
10.1063/1.2818737

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•Jun 6, 2006•0 citations
We study the multiplicativity of the output 2-norm for depolarized Werner-Holevo channels and show that multiplicativity holds for a product of two identical channels in this class. Moreover, it is shown that the depolarized Werner-Holevo channels do not satisfy the entrywise positivity condition introduced by King and Ruskai (e-print quant-ph∕0909181v2; e-print quant-ph∕0981026v1), which suggests that the main result is nontrivial.
Multiplicativity of Maximal p-Norms in Werner-Holevo channels for 1≤p≤21 \le p \le 21≤p≤2
Recently, King and Ruskai [1] conjectured that the maximal p-norm of the Werner--Holevo channel is multiplicative for all 1≤p≤21\le p \le 21≤p≤2. In this paper we prove this conjecture. Our proof relies on certain convexity and monotonicity properties of the p--norm.
In this paper, we present a class of maps for which the multiplicativity of the maximal output p-norm holds for p=2 and p≥4. The class includes all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C3) to B(C2). In this sense, the result is a generalization of the corresponding result in the work of King and Koldan [“New multiplicativity results for qubit maps,” J. Math. Phys. 47, 042106 (2006)], where the multiplicativity was proved for all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C2) to B(C2) with p=2 and p≥4. Interestingly, by contrast, the multiplicativity of p-norm was investigated in the context of quantum information theory and shown not to hold, in general, for high dimensional quantum channels [Hayden, P. and Winter, A., “Counterexamples to the maximal p-norm multiplicativity conjecture for all p>1,” Commun. Math. Phys. 284, 263 (2008)]. Moreover, the Werner–Holevo channel, which is a map from B(C3) to B(C3), is a counterexample for p>4.79 [Werner and Holevo, J. Math. Phys. 43, 4353 (2002).].
We introduce a condition for memoryless quantum channels which, when satisfied guarantees the multiplicativity of the maximal ℓp-norm with p a fixed integer. By applying the condition to qubit channels, it can be shown that it is not a necessary condition, although some known results for qubits can be recovered. When applied to the Werner-Holevo channel, which is known to violate multiplicativity when p is large relative to the dimension d, the condition suggests that multiplicativity holds when d⩾2p−1. This conjecture is proved explicitly for p=2,3,4. Finally, a new class of channels is considered which generalizes the depolarizing channel to maps which are combinations of the identity channel and a noisy one whose image is an arbitrary density matrix. It is shown that these channels are multiplicative for p=2.
Multiplicativity of certain maximal p -> q norms of a tensor product of linear maps on matrix algebras is proved in situations in which the condition of complete positivity (CP) is either augmented by, or replaced by, the requirement that the entries of a matrix representative of the map are non-negative (EP). In particular, for integer t, multiplicativity holds for the maximal 2 -> 2t norm of a product of two maps, whenever one of the pair is EP; for the maximal 1 -> t norm for pairs of CP maps when one of them is also EP; and for the maximal 1 -> 2t norm for the product of an EP and a 2-positive map. Similar results are shown in the infinite-dimensional setting of convolution operators on L^2(R), with the pointwise positivity of an integral kernel replacing entrywise positivity of a matrix. These results apply in particular to Gaussian bosonic channels.
Following the method introduced in quant-ph/0408004 and quant-ph/0605177 we prove that the additivity conjecture for the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland bound of the output of a quantum channel holds for the channels of the form Phi(x)=sumlimitsm=02(rmWm,0xWm,0∗+p1Wm,1xWm,1∗+p2Wm,2xWm,2∗)\\Phi (x)=\\sum \\limits _{m=0}^{2}(r_{m}W_{m,0}xW_{m,0}^{*}+p_{1}W_{m,1}xW_{m,1}^{*}+p_{2}W_{m,2}x W_{m,2}^{*})Phi(x)=sumlimitsm=02​(rm​Wm,0​xWm,0∗​+p1​Wm,1​xWm,1∗​+p2​Wm,2​xWm,2∗​). Here xxx runs the set of states sigma(H)\\sigma (H)sigma(H) in the Hilbert space H,dimH=3,H, dimH=3,H,dimH=3, Wm,nW_{m,n}Wm,n​ are the Weyl operators satisfying the relation Wm,nWm′,n′=efrac2pii(m′n−mn′)3Wm+m′,n+n′,0lem,nle2,W_{m,n}W_{m',n'}=e^{\\frac {2\\pi i(m'n-mn')}{3}}W_{m+m',n+n'}, 0\\le m,n\\le 2,Wm,n​Wm′,n′​=efrac2pii(m′n−mn′)3Wm+m′,n+n′​,0lem,nle2, and 0lerm,p1,p2le1,sumlimitsm=02rm+3(p1+p2)=10\\le r_{m},p_{1},p_{2}\\le 1, \\sum \\limits _{m=0}^{2}r_{m}+3(p_{1}+p_{2})=10lerm​,p1​,p2​le1,sumlimitsm=02​rm​+3(p1​+p2​)=1. This class includes the quantum depolarizing channel as well as a number of the other channels being covariant with respect to the maximum commutative group of unitaries.