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arXiv:0707.0776 · Physical Review A

Energy-dependent damping of excitations over an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate

Eitan E. Rowen, Nir Bar‐Gill, Rami Pugatch, Nir Davidson

Published Mar 4, 2008• 9 citations
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Abstract

We measure the damping of excitations in cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates of atomic vapor. By using postselection, excitation line shapes of the total population are compared with those of the undamped excitations. We find that the damping depends on the initial excitation energy of the decaying quasiparticle, as well as on the excitation momentum. We model the condensate as an infinite cylinder and calculate the damping rates of the different radial modes. The derived damping rates are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. The damping rates strongly depend on the destructive interference between pathways for damping, due to the quantum many-body nature of both excitation and the vacuum modes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.033602

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We measure the damping of excitations in cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates of atomic vapor. By using postselection, excitation line shapes of the total population are compared with those of the undamped excitations. We find that the damping depends on the initial excitation energy of the decaying quasiparticle, as well as on the excitation momentum. We model the condensate as an infinite cylinder and calculate the damping rates of the different radial modes. The derived damping rates are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. The damping rates strongly depend on the destructive interference between pathways for damping, due to the quantum many-body nature of both excitation and the vacuum modes.
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We have studied the interaction between the low-lying transverse collective oscillations and the thermal excitations of an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate by means of perturbation theory. We consider a cylindrical trapped condensate and calculate the transverse elementary excitations at zero temperature by solving the linearized Gross-Pitaevskii equations in two dimensions (2D). We use them to calculate the matrix elements between the thermal excited states and the quasi-2D collective modes. The Landau damping of transverse collective modes is studied as a function of temperature. At low temperatures, the corresponding damping rate is in agreement with the experimental data for the decay of the transverse quadrupole mode, but it is too small to explain the observed slow decay of the transverse breathing mode. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed.
We have measured the damped motion of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, oscillating with respect to a thermal cloud.The cigar-shaped trapping potential provides enough transverse confinement that the dynamics of the system are intermediate between three-dimensional and onedimensional.We find that the scaling of the damping rate with temperature is consistent with Landau theory, but that the damping rate for axial oscillations at a given temperature is consistently smaller than expected for a three-dimensional gas.We attribute this to the suppressed density of states for low-energy transverse excitations (essential excitations for axial Landau damping), which results from the quantization of the radial motion.
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