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arXiv:0707.0603 · Lecture notes in physics

Covariant Mappings for the Description of Measurement, Dissipation and Decoherence in Quantum Mechanics

Bassano Vacchini

Published Sep 11, 2009• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-02871-7_2

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Translation-covariant Markovian master equations used in the description of decoherence and dissipation are considered in the general framework of Holevo's results on the characterization of generators of covariant quantum dynamical semigroups. A general connection between the characteristic function of classical Lévy processes and loss of coherence of the statistical operator describing the center of mass degrees of freedom of a quantum system interacting through momentum transfer events with an environment is established. The relationship with both microphysical models and experimental realizations is considered, focusing in particular on recent interferometric experiments exploring the boundaries between classical and quantum world.
Measurements have historically presented a problem for the consistent description of quantum theories, be it in non-relativistic quantum mechanics or in quantum field theory. Drawing on a recent surge of interest in the description of measurements in Algebraic Quantum Field theory, it was decided that this dissertation would be focused on trying to close the gap between the description of measurements proposed by K. Hepp in the 70's, considering decoherence of states in quasilocal algebras and the new framework of generally covariant measurement schemes proposed recently by C. Fewster and R. Verch. Another recent result that we shall also consider is the Frauchinger-Renner Gedankenexperiment, that has taken inspiration on Hepp's article about decoherence based measurements to arrive at a no-go result about the consistency of quantum descriptions of systems containing rational agents, we shall seek to provide a closure for the interpretation of this result. In doing so we naturally arrive at the study of the contextual properties of measurement setups.
We characterize general non-Markovian Gaussian maps which are covariant under Galilean transformations. In particular, we consider translational and Galilean covariant maps and show that they reduce to the known Holevo result in the Markovian limit. We apply the results to discuss measures of macroscopicity based on classicalization maps, specifically addressing dissipation, Galilean covariance and non-Markovianity. We further suggest a possible generalization of the macroscopicity measure defined by Nimmrichter and Hornberger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 16 (2013)PRLTAO0031-9007].