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arXiv:0707.0149 · Physical Review Letters

Experimental Demonstration of Continuous Variable Purification of Squeezed States

Alexander Franzen, Boris Hage, James DiGuglielmo, Jaromı́r Fiurášek, Roman Schnabel

Published Oct 13, 2006• 86 citations
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Abstract

We report on the first experimental demonstration of purification of nonclassical continuous variable states. The protocol uses two copies of phase-diffused states overlapped on a beam splitter and provides Gaussified, less mixed states with the degree of squeezing improved. The protocol uses only linear optical devices such as beam splitters and homodyne detection, thereby proving these optical elements can be used for successful purification of this type of state decoherence which occurs in optical transmission channels.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.97.150505

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We report on the first experimental demonstration of purification of nonclassical continuous variable states. The protocol uses two copies of phase-diffused states overlapped on a beam splitter and provides Gaussified, less mixed states with the degree of squeezing improved. The protocol uses only linear optical devices such as beam splitters and homodyne detection, thereby proving these optical elements can be used for successful purification of this type of state decoherence which occurs in optical transmission channels.
We propose a scheme for purification and distillation of squeezed and entangled continuous-variable states of light transmitted through a channel exhibiting phase fluctuations. The outstanding advantage of the suggested protocol is its experimental feasibility since it only involves an interference of two copies of the decohered state on a balanced beam splitter, a homodyne measurement on one of the output beams, and a conditioning on the measurement outcome. The purification can counteract the detrimental effects of phase fluctuations in optical quantum-communication networks.
A scheme for optimal and deterministic linear optical purification of mixed squeezed Gaussian states is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The scheme requires only linear optical elements and homodyne detectors, and allows the balance between purification efficacy and squeezing degradation to be controlled. One particular choice of parameters gave a tenfold reduction of the thermal noise with a corresponding squeezing degradation of only 11%. We prove optimality of the protocol, and show that it can be used to enhance the performance of quantum informational protocols such as dense coding and entanglement generation.
We present a simple protocol to purify a coherent-state superposition that has undergone a linear lossy channel. The scheme constitutes only a single beam splitter and a homodyne detector, and thus is experimentally feasible. In practice, a superposition of coherent states is transformed into a classical mixture of coherent states by linear loss, which is usually the dominant decoherence mechanism in optical systems. We also address the possibility of producing a larger amplitude superposition state from decohered states, and show that in most cases the decoherence of the states are amplified along with the amplitude.
We present a simple protocol to purify a coherent state superposition from a statistical mixture of a superposed states and coherent states. The scheme constitutes only a single beam splitter and a homodyne detector, and thus experimentally feasible. In practice, a superposition of coherent states is transformed into such a mixture by linear loss, which is usually the dominant decoherence mechanism in optical systems. We also address the possibility of producing a larger amplitude superposition state from decohered states, and show that in most cases the decoherence of the states are amplified along with the amplitude.
Squeezed states of light addressed in this Thesis have proved to be the most readily accessible optical fields with demonstrably quantum mechanical behaviour in the Continuous Variable regime and they are considered at the heart of Quantum Mechanics. They may be concretely applied in several research fields such as metrology and quantum information science, as well as enabling to investigate the properties of the quantum world. Since their first observation, considerable progresses have been made in their generation and detection techniques. The research activity presented in this Thesis is devoted to the development of an experimental setup based thereon. The heart of generation process is a sub-threshold Optical Parametric Oscillator whereas the detection system is based on Homodyne Detector. On this structural background, we implemented an electronic/optical apparatus whereby it is possible to generate different kinds of squeezed states on demand. This Thesis presents how these engineered generation/acquisition processes work. Besides, it features a miniaturized Homodyne detection system based on a waveguide beam splitter inscribed in a glass substrate by femtosecond laser writing technology. We demonstrate for the first time the possibility to use such a device to detect genuine nonclassical features of light.