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arXiv:0706.4434 · Physical Review A

Pairing of one-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures with unequal masses

Matteo Rizzi, Adilet Imambekov

Published Feb 19, 2008• 45 citations
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Abstract

We have considered one-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixture with equal densities and unequal masses using numerical density matrix renormalization group. For the mass ratio of K-Rb mixture and attraction between bosons and fermions, we determined the phase diagram. For weak boson-boson interactions, there is a direct transition between two-component Luttinger liquid and collapsed phases as the boson-fermion attraction is increased. For strong enough boson-boson interactions, we find an intermediate ``paired'' phase, which is a single-component Luttinger liquid of composite particles. We investigated correlation functions of such a ``paired'' phase, studied the stability of ``paired'' phase to density imbalance, and discussed various experimental techniques which can be used to detect it.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.023621

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We have considered one-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixture with equal densities and unequal masses using numerical density matrix renormalization group. For the mass ratio of K-Rb mixture and attraction between bosons and fermions, we determined the phase diagram. For weak boson-boson interactions, there is a direct transition between two-component Luttinger liquid and collapsed phases as the boson-fermion attraction is increased. For strong enough boson-boson interactions, we find an intermediate paired'' phase, which is a single-component Luttinger liquid of composite particles. We investigated correlation functions of such a paired'' phase, studied the stability of ``paired'' phase to density imbalance, and discussed various experimental techniques which can be used to detect it.
We study the ground-state properties of one-dimensional mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atoms resonantly coupled to fermionic Feshbach molecules. When the particle densities of fermionic atoms and Feshbach molecules differ, the system undergoes various depletion transitions between binary and ternary mixtures as a function of the detuning parameter. However, when the particle densities of fermionic atoms and Feshbach molecules are identical, the molecular conversion and disassociation processes induce a gap in a sector of low-energy excitations, and the remaining system can be described by a two-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. Using a bosonization scheme, we derive the effective low-energy Hamiltonian for the system, which has a similar form as that of the two-chain problem of coupled Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids. With the help of improved perturbative renormalization group analysis of the latter problem, we determine the ground-state phase diagram and find that it contains a phase dominated by composite superfluid or pairing correlations between the open and closed resonant channels.
We study interacting one-dimensional two-component mixtures of cold atoms in a random potential, and extend the results reported earlier [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 115301 (2010)]. We construct the phase diagram of a disordered Bose-Fermi mixture as a function of the strength of the Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi interactions, and the ratio of the bosonic sound velocity and the Fermi velocity. Performing renormalization group and variational calculations, three phases are identified: (i) a fully delocalized two-component Luttinger liquid with superfluid bosons and fermions, (ii) a fully localized phase with both components pinned by disorder, and (iii) an intermediate phase where fermions are localized but bosons are superfluid. Within the variational approach, each phase corresponds to a different level of replica symmetry breaking. In the fully localized phase we find that the bosonic and fermionic localization lengths can largely differ. We also compute the long-wavelength asymptotic behavior of the momentum distribution as well as that of the structure factor of the atoms (both experimentally accessible), and discuss how the three phases can be experimentally distinguished.
The ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Bose-Fermi Hubbard model is studied in the canonical ensemble using a quantum Monte Carlo method. We focus on the case where both species have half filling in order to maximize the pairing correlations between the bosons and the fermions. In case of equal hopping we distinguish among phase separation, a Luttinger liquid phase, and a phase characterized by strong singlet pairing between the species. True long-range density waves exist with unequal hopping amplitudes.
We show that one-dimensional binary mixtures of bosons or of a boson and a spin-polarized fermion are Luttinger liquids with the following instabilities: (i) For different particle densities, strong attraction between the mixture components leads to collapse, while strong repulsion leads to demixing, and (ii) For a low-density mixture of two gases of impenetrable bosons (or a spin-polarized fermion and an impenetrable boson) of equal densities, the system develops a gap and exhibits enhanced pairing fluctuations when there is attraction between the components. In the boson-fermion mixture, the pairing fluctuations occur at finite momentum. Our conclusions apply to mixtures both on the continuum and on optical lattices away from integer or fractional commensurability.
The phase diagrams of low density Fermi-Fermi mixtures with equal or unequal masses and equal or unequal populations are described at zero and finite temperatures in the strong attraction limit. In this limit, the Fermi-Fermi mixture can be described by a weakly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture, where the bosons correspond to Feshbach molecules and the fermions correspond to excess atoms. First, we discuss the three and four fermion scattering processes, and use the exact boson-fermion and boson-boson scattering lengths to generate the phase diagrams in terms of the underlying fermion-fermion scattering length. In three dimensions, in addition to the normal and uniform superfluid phases, we find two stable nonuniform states corresponding to (i) phase separation between pure unpaired (excess) and pure paired fermions (molecular bosons); and (ii) phase separation between pure excess fermions and a mixture of excess fermions and molecular bosons. Lastly, we also discuss the effects of the trapping potential in the density profiles of condensed and noncondensed molecular bosons, and excess fermions at zero and finite temperatures, and discuss possible implications of our findings to experiments involving mixtures of ultracold fermions.
The formation of bound states of fermions in one dimension has always been one of the key topics in condensed matter physics. Motivated by recent experimental progresses in Prof. Jeremy Levy's group, we study the interplay of both species (spin and transverse band index) and mass imbalance in a mixture of two or more species of fermions with attractive interactions in one dimension. Previous theoretical and experimental efforts have shown the existence of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase for the case of two species with equal mass, in addition to the fully paired and fully polarized phases. For the unequal mass case, there are signatures of trion phases as well. We use DMRG to explore the rich possibilities of quantum phases and their transport signatures for the cases of two and more species of Fermions as we vary the interaction strengths and mass imbalances. With this we can gain insights into ongoing experiments with sketched nanowires in LAO/STO and ultracold atoms confined to one-dimensional tubes. We also study the formation of bound states in a single component Fermi chain with attractive interactions. The phase diagram, computed from DMRG (density matrix renormalization group), shows not only a superfluid of paired fermions (pair phase) and a liquid of fermion triplets (trion phase), but also a phase with two gapless modes. We show that the latter phase is described by a 2-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory, consisting of one charged and one emergent neutral mode. We argue based on our numerical data, that the single, pair, and trion phases are descendants of the 2-component TLL theory. We speculate on the nature of the phase transitions amongst these phases.