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arXiv:0706.2964

Local hidden-variables can account for EPR quantum correlations

A. Matzkin

Published Jun 20, 2007• 3 citations
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Abstract

A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's ``completeness or locality'' dilemma.

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A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's ``completeness or locality'' dilemma.
A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's "completeness or locality" dilemma.
A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's completeness or locality dilemma.
A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's "completeness or locality" dilemma.
Abstract We propose a novel class of local deterministic models to explain the correlations observed in entangled singlet quantum states. In these models, hidden variables influence both the entangled pair preparation and the measurement settings, thereby relaxing the measurement independence assumption used in Bell’s theorem. Our model accurately reproduces the expected quantum results and demonstrates that freely chosen measurement settings do not necessarily preclude the possibility of hidden variables inducing correlations between the settings and outcomes. This approach reveals an intricate relationship between local determinism and quantum mechanics, showing that local hidden variable theories can be consistent with the predictions of quantum theory. This result calls into question the conventional interpretation, based on Bell’s inequalities, that local theories are fundamentally incompatible with quantum mechanics.
Supporting Einstein's advocacy for local realism and hidden-variables, we show that measurement outcomes (manifest-variables) reveal the equivalence classes to which hidden-variables belong. We show that equivalence classes are the fundamental concepts that any analysis of measurement requires. We show that the correlation of manifest-variables equates to the pre- and post-measurement correlation of equivalence classes. We show that, though hidden-variables remain hidden, manifest-variables enable us to name their equivalence classes. Revealing the local realistic variables that alone determine measurement outcomes, we identify Bell's unrealistic assumption about measurements and refute his theorem. Responding to Bell’s hope for a simple constructive model of quantum entanglement, we also deliver Einstein's wish for a classical account of EPR correlations. We thus provide a basis for understanding quantum mechanics in terms of local realism and deterministic digital outcomes.
Quantum mechanics, despite its extraordinary success in describing microscopic phenomena, continues to raise foundational questions concerning measurement, nonlocality, and the nature of physical reality. These issues are exemplified by the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and the Bell inequality, which contrast quantum correlations with classical notions of locality and realism. In this work, we critically examine the assumptions underlying Bell’s theorem in light of the incompatible and contextual nature of quantum observables. We show that Bell’s constraint on simultaneous definite values for incompatible observables, together with the assumption of hidden variables, is not applicable to quantum mechanics itself, which is inherently nonclassical and contextual. When measurement is modeled as a local system-environment interaction within the framework of quantum decoherence, the resulting dynamics remain entirely local and unitary in the EPR scenario. Decoherence naturally selects pointer states and suppresses interference, giving rise to the appearance of wavefunction collapse consistent with quantum predictions. Importantly, the Bell correlations obtained in this framework reproduce the standard quantum results and are independent of both system-bath and inter-bath interactions, which affect only the rate of decoherence. Our analysis suggests that, in the EPR scenario, quantum mechanics can be both local and realistic when the wavefunction is treated as an ontic description of reality within the decoherence framework, offering a potential route toward a locally realistic quantum theory aligned with Einstein’s vision. This work contributes to a more rigorous foundation for quantum mechanics, providing insights that can accelerate progress in quantum computing and nanoenergy harvesting.