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arXiv:0706.1805 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

The von Neumann entropy asymptotics in multidimensional fermionic systems

Szilárd Farkas, Zoltán Zimborás

Published Oct 1, 2007• 33 citations
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Abstract

We study the von Neumann entropy asymptotics of pure translation-invariant quasifree states of d-dimensional fermionic systems. It is shown that the entropic area law is violated by all these states: apart from the trivial cases, the entropy of a cubic subsystem with edge length L cannot grow slower than Ld−1lnL. As for the upper bound of the entropy asymptotics, the zero-entropy-density property of these pure states is the only limit: it is proven that arbitrary fast sub-Ld entropy growth is achievable.

DOI
10.1063/1.2800167

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We study the von Neumann entropy asymptotics of pure translation-invariant quasifree states of d-dimensional fermionic systems. It is shown that the entropic area law is violated by all these states: apart from the trivial cases, the entropy of a cubic subsystem with edge length L cannot grow slower than Ld−1lnL. As for the upper bound of the entropy asymptotics, the zero-entropy-density property of these pure states is the only limit: it is proven that arbitrary fast sub-Ld entropy growth is achievable.
For the general class of quasifree fermionic right mover/left mover systems over the infinitely extended two-sided discrete line introduced in Aschbacher [Rev. Math. Phys. 35, 2330001 (2023)] within the algebraic framework of quantum statistical mechanics, we study the von Neumann entropy of a contiguous subsystem of finite length in interaction with its environment. In particular, under the assumption of spatial translation invariance, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the von Neumann entropy for large subsystem lengths and prove that its leading order density is, in general, nonvanishing and displays the signature of a mixture of the independent thermal species underlying the right mover/left mover system. As special cases, the formalism covers so-called nonequilibrium steady states, thermal equilibrium states, and ground states. Moreover, for general Fermi functions, we derive a necessary and sufficient criterion for the von Neumann entropy density to vanish.
We investigate the scaling of the entanglement entropy in an infinite translational invariant fermionic system of any spatial dimension. The states under consideration are ground states and excitations of tight-binding Hamiltonians with arbitrary interactions. We show that the entropy of a finite region typically scales with the area of the surface times a logarithmic correction. Thus, in contrast with analogous bosonic systems, the entropic area law is violated for fermions. The relation between the entanglement entropy and the structure of the Fermi surface is discussed, and it is proven that the presented scaling law holds whenever the Fermi surface is finite. This is, in particular, true for all ground states of Hamiltonians with finite range interactions.
The zero-entropy-density conjecture states that the entropy density defined as s≔limN→ ∞ S N/N vanishes for all translation-invariant pure states on the spin chain. Or equivalently, S N, the von Neumann entropy of such a state restricted to N consecutive spins, is sublinear. In this paper it is proved that this conjecture cannot be sharpened, i.e., translation-invariant states give rise to arbitrary fast sublinear entropy growth. The proof is constructive, and is based on a class of states derived from quasifree states on a CAR algebra. The question whether the entropy growth of pure quasifree states can be arbitrary fast sublinear was first raised by Fannes et al. [J. Math Phys. 44, 6005 (2003)]. In addition to the main theorem it is also shown that the entropy asymptotics of all pure shift-invariant nontrivial quasifree states is at least logarithmic. I.
We study the entanglement entropy of connected bipartitions in free-fermion gases of N particles in arbitrary dimension d . We show that the von Neumann and Rényi entanglement entropies grow asymptotically as N ( d −1)/ d ln N , with a prefactor that is analytically computed using the Widom conjecture both for periodic and open boundary conditions. The logarithmic correction to the power-law behavior is related to the area-law violation in lattice free fermions. These asymptotic large- N behaviors are checked against exact numerical calculations for N -particle systems.
The zero-entropy-density conjecture states that the entropy density defined as s≔limN→∞SN∕N vanishes for all translation-invariant pure states on the spin chain. Or equivalently, SN, the von Neumann entropy of such a state restricted to N consecutive spins, is sublinear. In this paper it is proved that this conjecture cannot be sharpened, i.e., translation-invariant states give rise to arbitrary fast sublinear entropy growth. The proof is constructive, and is based on a class of states derived from quasifree states on a CAR algebra. The question whether the entropy growth of pure quasifree states can be arbitrary fast sublinear was first raised by Fannes et al. [J. Math. Phys. 44, 6005 (2003)]. In addition to the main theorem it is also shown that the entropy asymptotics of all pure shift-invariant nontrivial quasifree states is at least logarithmic.
We investigate the scaling of the entanglement entropy in an infinite translational invariant Fermionic system of any spatial dimension. The states under consideration are ground states and excitations of tight-binding Hamiltonians with arbitrary interactions. We show that the entropy of a finite region typically scales with the area of the surface times a logarithmic correction. The latter can be traced back to the criticality of the models. The relation between the entanglement entropy and the structure of the Fermi surface is discussed, and it is proven, that the presented scaling law holds whenever the Fermi surface is finite. This is in particular true for all ground states of Hamiltonians with finite range interactions.