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arXiv:0706.0951 · Physical Review Letters

Nonclassical Correlation Properties of Radiation Fields

W. Vogel

Published Jan 11, 2008• 91 citations
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Abstract

A full characterization of nonclassical space-time-dependent correlations of radiation is formulated in terms of normally and time-ordered field correlation functions. It describes not only the properties of initially prepared multimode radiation fields, but also the dynamics of radiation sources. Some of these correlation effects occur in the resonance fluorescence of a single two-level atom.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.013605

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A full characterization of nonclassical space-time-dependent correlations of radiation is formulated in terms of normally and time-ordered field correlation functions. It describes not only the properties of initially prepared multimode radiation fields, but also the dynamics of radiation sources. Some of these correlation effects occur in the resonance fluorescence of a single two-level atom.
We present a general method to detect nonclassical radiation fields with systems of on-off detectors. We especially study higher order correlations for the identification of nonclassical radiation. This allows us to directly characterize quantum correlations by the statistics measured with systems of on-off detectors. Additionally, we generalize our method to multiple detector systems for measurements of correlations between light fields. We also consider multimode radiation fields and isolate nonclassicality in terms of the space time correlations. Finally, we present results for the quantum statistics using on-off detectors operating in nonlinear detection modes.
The problem of characterizing nonclassicality and entanglement in terms of continuous variables is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the nonclassicality, that is the P-functions fails to be a probability, are formulated in terms of measurable characteristic functions or moments. Applications for highly sensitive measurements are discussed. Conditions for entanglement are formulated and the nonclassical correlations of multimode radiation fields are studied. The needed correlation functions can be observed by balanced homodyne correlation measurements.
The statistical properties of fluorescent light from a single two-level atom driven by nonclassical light beams that exhibit antibunching and squeezing are discussed in the weak-field limit. The fields produced in intracavity second-harmonic generation and those produced by superposing the light from a degenerate parametric oscillator with a coherent field are considered to be the models of nonclassical light beams. These fields can be described in terms of real Gaussian random processes with nonzero mean coherent components. Analytical expressions for the fluorescent light intensity, the second-order intensity correlation function, and the variance of the photon number in the steady state are obtained. The effects of driving-field correlations, detuning, and other parameters characterizing the atom-field interaction on the statistics of scattered light are investigated. It is found that for a certain range of parameters the second-order intensity correlation function may vanish at nonzero times. Under certain other circumstances the antibunching of the fluorescent photons is enhanced. These and other interesting features that appear in the scattered light are discussed.