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arXiv:0705.4042 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Criticality and condensation in a non-conserving zero-range process

A G Angel, M. R. Evans, E Levine, David Mukamel

Published Aug 7, 2007• 14 citations
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Abstract

The zero-range process, in which particles hop between sites on a lattice under conserving dynamics, is a prototypical model for studying real-space condensation. Within this model the system is critical only at the transition point. Here we consider a non-conserving zero-range process which is shown to exhibit generic critical phases which exist in a range of creation and annihilation parameters. The model also exhibits phases characterized by mesocondensates, each of which contains a subextensive number of particles. A detailed phase diagram, delineating the various phases, is derived.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2007/08/p08017

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The zero-range process, in which particles hop between sites on a lattice under conserving dynamics, is a prototypical model for studying real-space condensation. Within this model the system is critical only at the transition point. Here we consider a non-conserving zero-range process which is shown to exhibit generic critical phases which exist in a range of creation and annihilation parameters. The model also exhibits phases characterized by mesocondensates, each of which contains a subextensive number of particles. A detailed phase diagram, delineating the various phases, is derived.
Abstract. The Zero-Range Process, in which particles hop between sites on a lattice under conserving dynamics, is a prototypical model for studying real-space condensation. Within this model the system is critical only at the transition point. Here we consider a non-conserving Zero-Range Process which is shown to exhibit generic critical phases which exist in a range of creation and annihilation parameters. The model also exhibits phases characterised by mesocondensates each of which contains a subextensive number of particles. A detailed phase diagram, delineating the various phases, is derived. PACS numbers: 89.75.-k, 05.70.Ln, 05.40.-aCriticality and Condensation in a Non-conserving Zero Range Process 2 1.
The zero range process is of particular importance as a generic model for domain wall dynamics of one-dimensional systems far from equilibrium. We study this process in one dimension with rates which induce an effective attraction between particles. We rigorously prove that for the stationary probability measure there is a background phase at some critical density and for large system size essentially all excess particles accumulate at a single, randomly located site. Using random walk arguments supported by Monte Carlo simulations, we also study the dynamics of the clustering process with particular attention to the difference between symmetric and asymmetric jump rates. For the late stage of the clustering we derive an effective master equation, governing the occupation number at clustering sites. Key words: zero range process; nonequilibrium phase transition; equivalence of ensembles; relative entropy. 1
Non-equilibrium real-space condensation is a phenomenon in which a finite fraction of some conserved quantity (mass, particles, etc.) becomes spatially localised. We review two popular stochastic models of hopping particles that lead to condensation and whose stationary states assume a factorized form: the zero-range process and the misanthrope process, and their various modifications. We also introduce a new model - a misanthrope process with parallel dynamics - that exhibits condensation and has a pair-factorized stationary state.
We study a disordered, driven zero range process which models a closed system of attractive particles that hop with site-dependent rates and whose steady state shows a condensation transition with increasing density. We characterize the dynamical properties of the mass fluctuations in the steady state in one dimension both analytically and numerically and show that there is a dynamic phase transition in the density-disorder plane. We also determine the form of the scaling function which describes the growth of the condensate as a function of time, starting from a uniform density distribution.
We analyze the role of the interplay between on-site interaction and inhomogeneous diffusion on the phenomenon of condensation in the zero-range process. We predict a universal phase diagram in the plane of two exponents, respectively characterizing the interactions and the diffusion disorder. The most prominent outcome is the existence of an extended condensed phase. In the latter phase, which originates as a result of the combined effects of strong enough interaction and weak enough disorder, a typical high-density configuration has a unique condensate on top of a critical background, but the condensate may be located at any site of a large hosting set of favored sites, whose size grows sub-extensively. The novel extended condensed phase thus interpolates continuously between the two scenarios associated so far with the condensation transition, namely spontaneous symmetry breaking and explicit symmetry breaking.
We study a nonconserved one-dimensional stochastic process which involves two species of particles AAA and BBB. The particles diffuse asymmetrically and react in pairs as $A\ensuremath{\emptyset}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}AA\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}BA\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}A\ensuremath{\emptyset}$ and $B\ensuremath{\emptyset}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}BB\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}AB\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}B\ensuremath{\emptyset}$. We show that the stationary state of the model can be calculated exactly by using matrix product techniques. The model exhibits a phase transition at a particular point in the phase diagram which can be related to a condensation transition in a particular zero-range process. We determine the corresponding critical exponents and provide a heuristic explanation for the unusually strong corrections to scaling seen in the vicinity of the critical point.