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arXiv:0704.2935 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Formation of ultracold heteronuclear dimers in electric fields

Rosario González‐Férez, Michael Mayle, Peter Schmelcher

Published May 22, 2007• 11 citations
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Abstract

The formation of ultracold molecules via stimulated emission followed by a radiative de-excitation cascade in the presence of a static electric field is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding cross-sections, we demonstrate the possibility to populate the lowest rotational excitations via photoassociation. The modification of the radiative cascade due to the electric field leads to narrow rotational state distributions in the vibrational ground state. External fields might therefore represent an additional valuable tool towards the ultimate goal of quantum state preparation of molecules.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/78/53001

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The formation of ultracold molecules via stimulated emission followed by a radiative de-excitation cascade in the presence of a static electric field is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding cross-sections, we demonstrate the possibility to populate the lowest rotational excitations via photoassociation. The modification of the radiative cascade due to the electric field leads to narrow rotational state distributions in the vibrational ground state. External fields might therefore represent an additional valuable tool towards the ultimate goal of quantum state preparation of molecules.
The formation of heteronuclear molecules in their electronic ground states from a mixture of two ultracold atomic species via a one-photon stimulated emission process is investigated. The presence of an additional external homogeneous and static electric field is shown to severely influence the induced emission process. Using the LiCs molecule as a prototype, we study the corresponding cross section and its dependence on the continuum energy, final rovibrational state, and static electric field strength. The possibility of controlling the single-photon association process via an additional static electric field is demonstrated.
We theoretically study saturation effects induced by an external static electric field on photoassociation (PA) of a heteronuclear atom pair. A static electric field influences scattering wave-function of two heteronuclear atoms as described in [D. Chakraborty, J. Hazra and B. Deb, J. Phys. B. {\bf 44} 095201 (2011)]. For certain values of electric field strengths there exist anisotropic resonances in ground state scattering leading to a large modification of scattering wave-function at short and intermediate separations where photoassociative Franck-Condon overlap is significant. Photoassociation rate as a function of collision energy shows a splitting near resonant electric field in the mili Kelvin energy regime. This splitting with a prominent dip occurs due to resonant enhancement of free-bound stimulated linewidth leading to saturation in free-bound transitions. We study electric field induced saturation effects on both one- and two-colour PA. Our results suggest that a static electric field may influence the formation of ground state polar molecules in two-colour PA.
Abstract Heteronuclear alkali-metal dimers represent the class of molecules of choice for creating samples of ultracold molecules exhibiting an intrinsic large permanent electric dipole moment. Among them, the KCs molecule, with a permanent dipole moment of 1.92 Debye still remains to be observed in ultracold conditions. Based on spectroscopic studies available in the literature completed by accurate quantum chemistry calculations, we propose several optical coherent schemes to create ultracold bosonic and fermionic KCs molecules in their absolute rovibrational ground level, starting from a weakly bound level of their electronic ground state manifold. The processes rely on the existence of convenient electronically excited states allowing an efficient stimulated Raman adiabatic transfer of the level population.
We study the effects of a static electric field on the photoassociation of a heteronuclear atom pair into a polar molecule. The interaction of permanent dipole moment with a static electric field largely affects the ground state continuum wavefunction of the atom pair at short separations where photoassociation transitions occur according to the Franck–Condon principle. Electric field-induced anisotropic interaction between two heteronuclear ground state atoms leads to scattering resonances at some specific electric fields. Near such resonances the amplitude of the scattering wavefunction at short separation increases by several orders of magnitude. As a result, the photoassociation rate is enhanced by several orders of magnitude near the resonances. We discuss in detail electric field-modified atom–atom scattering properties and resonances. We calculate the photoassociation rate that shows giant enhancement due to electric field tunable anisotropic resonances. We present selected results among which particularly important are the excitations of higher rotational levels in ultracold photoassociation due to electric field tunable resonances.
Ultracold metastable RbCs molecules are observed in a double species magneto-optical trap through photoassociation near the Rb(5S(1/2)) + Cs(6P(3/2)) dissociation limit followed by radiative stabilization. The molecules are formed in their lowest triplet electronic state and are detected by resonance enhanced two-photon ionization through the previously unobserved (3)(3)Π ← a (3)Σ(+) band. The large rotational structure of the observed photoassociation lines is assigned to the lowest vibrational levels of the 0(+) or 0(-) excited states correlated to the Rb(5P(1/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2)) dissociation limit. This demonstrates the possibility of inducing direct photoassociation in heteronuclear alkali-metal molecules at a short internuclear distance, as pointed out earlier [J. Deiglmayr et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101, 13304].